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Microbes in the Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Review

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Infections and the Rheumatic Diseases

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Abstract

Understanding of the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) continues to evolve. Current evidence suggests that IBD results from an inappropriate inflammatory response to intestinal microbes in a genetically susceptible host. Dysbiosis, that is, unfavorable alteration of the composition and function of gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota or chronic pathogen infection, may be the mechanisms microbiota contribute to the pathogenesis of IBD. Several microbes have been associated with IBD, and among them, bacteria such as Clostridium species, gram-negatives, fecal microbes, and Mycobacterium avium subspecies remain exciting candidate pathogens but yet undiscovered other bacteria, viruses, and fungi also likely contribute significantly. Current therapeutic strategies targeting microbes that may be beneficial include probiotics and possibly fecal microbiota transplantation while dietary changes, prebiotics, and antibiotics have proven to be unhelpful. Newly discovered techniques focusing on molecular analysis of gut bacteria flora in combination with high genomic approaches are likely to further the insights into the role that microbes play in the development of IBD.

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The authors have no conflicts of interest.

There was no funding for this book chapter.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Rheumatology, St. Vincent Evansville, Evansville, IN, USA

    Shraddha Jatwani

  2. University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA

    Bharat Malhotra

  3. Division of Rheumatology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA

    Teresa Crout

  4. Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA

    Vikas Majithia

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  1. Shraddha Jatwani
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  2. Bharat Malhotra
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  3. Teresa Crout
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  4. Vikas Majithia
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Correspondence to Vikas Majithia .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. LSU Health Sciences at New Orleans, Louisiana State University, New Orleans, LA, USA

    Luis R. Espinoza

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Jatwani, S., Malhotra, B., Crout, T., Majithia, V. (2019). Microbes in the Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Review. In: Espinoza, L. (eds) Infections and the Rheumatic Diseases. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23311-2_37

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