Abstract
Jute (Corchorus spp.) has more than 100 species, but only white jute (C. capsularis) and dark jute (C. olitorius) are commercially cultivated diploid (2n = 2x = 14) crops traditionally used to make coarse cloth, burlap, rope and paper. Jute is one of the world’s important sources of natural fiber, but a distant second to cotton. This chapter focuses on the achievements in jute breeding, which include germplasm biodiversity and utilization, breeding methods, genetics of important agronomic traits, genomics and cultivation. Besides conventional breeding methods, the biotechnologies of tissue culture, transgenic technology and molecular marker-assisted selection have made great contributions to jute breeding. The whole genome sequencing for C. olitorius (∼361 Mb) and C. capsularis (∼336 Mb) has advanced jute improvement into the genomic era to become part of genomics-based crop research. The development of the germplasm variome, breeding genomics and cultivation genomics will lead to revolutions in jute improvement. However, jute cultivation has declined significantly with the development and use of synthetic fibers over the past few decades. Future prospects and priorities in jute breeding, such as fiber quality, genetic improvement and mechanization of production, are proposed. Emphases were given to the combination of biotechnology, genomics, germplasm innovation and mechanization of production.
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Appendices
Appendices
1.1 Appendix I: Research Institutes Interested in Jute
Institutes | Area of specialization and research activities | Website |
---|---|---|
College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China | Jute and allied fiber crop improvement and multiple utilization | |
Release of important varieties, such as Fuhuangma 360, Funong 560, Huangma 179, Meifeng No. 4, Funong No. 5. Whole genome sequence of jute; Whole genome sequence of kenaf; jute and kenaf improvement and multiple utilization | ||
Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Changsha 410,006, China | Bast fiber crops improvement and multiple utilization. Bast fiber crops improvement and multiple utilization | |
Basic and Applied Research on Jute Project, Bangladesh Jute Research Institute, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh. | Jute and allied fibers | |
Jute and allied fibers improvement and multiple utilization | ||
Central Research Institute for Jute and Allied Fibres (CRIJAF), Barrackpore, Kolkata 700,120, West Bengal, India | Jute and allied fibers | |
Jute and allied fibers improvement and multiple utilization |
1.2 Appendix II: Jute Genetic Resources in Main Countries
Cultivars | Important traits | Cultivation location |
---|---|---|
Yueyuan No.5 | Stems, petioles, buds, and capsules are all green with axillary buds, lodging resistance, and late flowering stage | Guangdong Province, China |
Yueyuan No.4 | Stem green, petiole and calyx are red, axillary buds, short and less branches, late-maturing stage | Guangdong Province, China |
MeiFeng No.4 | Stem green (light red at seedling stage), petiole, calyx, and capsule are light red. Without axillary buds, the stems are clearly spirally curved | Fujian Province, China |
Huangma 179 | Stem green (light red at seedling stage), petiole, calyx are red; axillary buds | Fujian Province, China |
Minma No.5 | Stem green (light red at seedling stage), petiole and calyx are red, axillary buds, resistant to anthracnose, medium-maturing | Fujian Province, China |
Minma No.407 | The plants are tall, the skin is thick, late-maturing stage | Fujian Province, China |
Zhonghuangma No.1 | Stem, stipules, and petiole are green, dark green leaves, few branches stage | Hunan Province, China |
Zhejiang Jiatouma | Stems, petioles, calyx, and capsule are green, with axillary buds, medium-maturing stage | Zhejiang Province, China |
Guangfengchangguo | Stems, petioles, calyx, and capsule are green, with axillary buds, medium-maturing, drought resistance. | Zhejiang Province, China |
Kuanyechangguo | Stems, petioles and capsules are green, with axillary buds, oval leaves | Hunan Province, China |
**anghuangma No.1 | Stem and petiole are green, mid-late maturing stage | Hunan Province, China |
**anghuangma No.2 | Stems and leaves are green, with axillary buds, stable yield | Hunan Province, China |
**anghuangma No.3 | Stems and leaves are green, with axillary buds, few branches | Hunan Province, China |
BJRI Tossa-4O-72 | High yielding. Can be sown early. Proper sowing time: 15 March–30 April. Maximum yield 4.96 mt/ha and average yield at farmers’ field 2.90 mt/ha | Bangladesh |
BJRI Tossa-2O-9897 | High yielding. Can be sown early. Proper sowing time: 30 March–30 April. Maximum yield 4.61 mt/ha and average yield at farmers’ field 2.73 mt/ha | Bangladesh |
BJRI Tossa-3OM-1 | High yielding. Can be sown early. Less photo sensitivity. Proper sowing time: 20 March–30 April. Maximum yield 4.62 mt/ha and average yield at farmers’ field 2.49 mt/ha | Bangladesh |
BJRI Tossa-1O-41967 | High yielding. Late maturing type. Can be sown in highland. Proper sowing time: 15 April–15 May. Maximum yield 4.51 mt/ha and average yield at farmers’ field 2.32 mt/ha | India, C. olitorius |
BJRI deshi-2CVL-11977 | High yielding variety. Very popular. Sowing time: 30 March–15 April. Maximum production 5.16 mt/ha and production at farmer’s field is 2.46 mt/ha | India, C. olitorius |
BJRI deshi-3CVE-31977 | Early maturing type. Quick growing. Suitable for 3 crop rotation. Sowing time: 30 March–15 April. Maximum yield 4.51 mt/ha and average yield at farmers’ field is 1.97 mt/ha | India, C. olitorius |
JRC 7447 (Shyamali) | Pods are non-shattering type, capable of utilizing higher dose of N2 fertilizer, suitable for mid-March to mid-April sowing | India, C. capsularis |
JRC 4444 (Baldev) | Pods are non-shattering type, optimum sowing time early-March to mid-April | India, C. capsularis |
UPC94(Reshma) | Pods are non-shattering type, suitable for late February to late March sowing | India, C. capsularis |
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Zhang, L., Ibrahim, A.K., Niyitanga, S., Zhang, L., Qi, J. (2019). Jute (Corchorus spp.) Breeding. In: Al-Khayri, J., Jain, S., Johnson, D. (eds) Advances in Plant Breeding Strategies: Industrial and Food Crops. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23265-8_4
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