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Qualitative Reasoning

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Abstract

In this chapter, we discuss two research areas related to qualitative reasoning: firstly, qualitative reasoning about dynamical systems, or qualitative physics, that aims at providing qualitative descriptions of processes in the sense that they are characterized regardless of quantitative data (for instance, “the tank overflows”, “temperature increases”, etc.); and secondly qualitative spatial and temporal reasoning (QSTR), that aims at describing and reasoning about qualitative relationships between spatial regions (“the stadium is on the island”, “the bike path crosses the river”) or between time periods (“the minister’s visit preceded the opening of the Olympic Games”).

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Notes

  1. 1.

    MONET: Network of Excellence on Model Based Systems and Qualitative Reasoning.

  2. 2.

    \(\mathsf {DC}\) stands for disconnected, \(\mathsf {EC}\) for externally connected, \(\mathsf {PO}\) for partial overlap, \(\mathsf {TPP}\) for tangential proper part and \(\mathsf {NTPP}\) for non-tangential proper part; \(\mathsf {TPPI}\) and \(\mathsf {NTPPI}\) are the converses of \(\mathsf {TPP}\) and \(\mathsf {NTPP}\), respectively.

  3. 3.

    Those calculi divide all directions in the plane with respect to a given point of reference into a finite number of sectors with a given angle; Freksa’s calculus is the case where the angles are right angles, the Flip-flop calculus where they are 180\(^{\circ }\) angles.

  4. 4.

    This was already the case for several calculi in the literature, such as Vilain’s Point-and-Interval calculus (Vilain 1982), and more generally Ligozat’s \(\mathbf {A}_{S}\) calculi, where S is a set of positive integers with more than one element (Ligozat 1991).

  5. 5.

    i.e. Subnetworks for which all constraints are basic relations.

  6. 6.

    This preposition roughly corresponds to the English preposition on.

  7. 7.

    French National Institute for Agronomic Research.

  8. 8.

    See for example the RACER tool: http://www.racer-systems.com/.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. CRIL-CNRS and Université d’Artois, Lens, France

    Jean-François Condotta

  2. ICube, Université de Strasbourg, ENGEES, CNRS, Strasbourg, France

    Florence Le Ber

  3. LIMSI-CNRS, Orsay, France

    Gérard Ligozat

  4. LAAS-CNRS, Toulouse, France

    Louise Travé-Massuyès

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  1. Jean-François Condotta
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  2. Florence Le Ber
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  3. Gérard Ligozat
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  4. Louise Travé-Massuyès
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Correspondence to Jean-François Condotta .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. CRIL-CNRS, Université d'Artois and Institut Universitaire de France, Lens, France

    Pierre Marquis

  2. Aix Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, CNRS, LIS, Marseille, France

    Odile Papini

  3. IRIT, CNRS and Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France

    Henri Prade

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Condotta, JF., Le Ber, F., Ligozat, G., Travé-Massuyès, L. (2020). Qualitative Reasoning. In: Marquis, P., Papini, O., Prade, H. (eds) A Guided Tour of Artificial Intelligence Research. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-06164-7_5

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