SpringerLink
Log in

Analysis of Small Ions with Capillary Electrophoresis

  • Protocol
  • First Online:
Capillary Electrophoresis

Part of the book series: Methods in Molecular Biology ((MIMB,volume 1483))

  • 1672 Accesses

Abstract

Small inorganic ions are easily separated through capillary electrophoresis because they have a high charge-to-mass ratio and suffer little from some of the undesired phenomenon affecting higher molecular weight species like adsorption to the capillary wall, decomposition, and precipitation. This chapter is focused on the analysis of small ions other than metal ions using capillary electrophoresis. Methods are described for the determination of ions of nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
EUR 32.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or Ebook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Protocol
USD 49.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free ship** worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free ship** worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Fritz JS (2000) Recent developments in the separation of inorganic and small organic ions by capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 884:261–275

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Kaniansky D, Masar M, Marak J, Bodor R (1999) Capillary electrophoresis of inorganic anions. J Chromatogr A 834:133–178

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Sadecka J, Polonsky J (1999) Determination of inorganic ions in food and beverages by capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 834:401–417

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Polesello S, Valsecchi SM (1999) Electrochemical detection in the capillary electrophoresis analysis of inorganic compounds. J Chromatogr A 834:103–116

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Timerbaev AR, Dabek-Zlotorzynskab E, Hoop AGT (1999) Inorganic environmental analysis by capillary electrophoresis. Analyst 124:811–826

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Timerbaev AR, Buchberger W (1999) Prospects for detection and sensitivity enhancement of inorganic ions in capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 834:117–132

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Martínková E, Křížek T, Coufal P (2014) Determination of nitrites and nitrates in drinking water using capillary electrophoresis. Chem Papers 68:1008–1014

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Fukushi K, Tada K, Takeda S, Wakida S, Yamane M, Higashi K, Hiiro K (1999) Simultaneous determination of nitrate and nitrite ions in seawater by capillary zone electrophoresis using artificial seawater as the carrier solution. J Chromatogr A 838:303–311

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Fukushi K, Nakayamaa Y, Tsujimoto J (2003) Highly sensitive capillary zone electrophoresis with artificial seawater as the background electrolyte and transient isotachophoresis as the online concentration procedure for simultaneous determination of nitrite and nitrate in seawater. J Chromatogr A 1005:197–205

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Okemgbo AA, Hill HH, Siems WF, Metcalf SG (1999) Reverse polarity capillary zone electrophoretic analysis of nitrate and nitrite in natural water samples. Anal Chem 71:2725–2731

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Oztekin N, Nutku MS, Erim FB (2002) Simultaneous determination of nitrite and nitrate in meat products and vegetables by capillary electrophoresis. Food Chem 76:103–106

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Gao L, Barber-Singh J, Kottegoda S, Wirtshafter D, Shippy SA (2004) Determination of nitrate and nitrite in rat brain perfusates by capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 25:1264–1269

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Boudko DY, Cooper BY, Harvey WR, Moroz LL (2002) High-resolution microanalysis of nitrite and nitrate in neuronal tissues by capillary electrophoresis with conductivity detection. J Chromatogr B 774:97–104

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Chang SY, Tseng WL, Mallipattu S, Chang HT (2005) Determination of small phosphorus-containing compounds by capillary electrophoresis. Talanta 66:411–421

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Stover FS (1999) Capillary electrophoresis of phosphorus oxo anions. J Chromatogr A 834:243–256

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Wang T, Li SFY (1999) Separation of inorganic phosphorus-containing anions by capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 834:233–241

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Stalikas CD, Konidari CN (2001) Analytical methods to determine phosphonic and amino acid group-containing pesticides. J Chromatogr A 907:1–19

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Hooijschuur EWJ, Kientz CE, Brinkman UA (2002) Analytical separation techniques for the determination of chemical warfare agents. J Chromatogr A 982:177–200

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Hissner F, Mattusch J, Heinig K (1999) Quantitative determination of sulfur-containing anions in complex matrices with capillary electrophoresis and conductivity detection. J Chromatogr A 848:503–513

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Bjergegaard C, Møller P, Sørensen H (1995) Determination of thiocyanate, iodide, nitrate and nitrite in biological samples by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography. J Chromatogr A 717:409–414

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Masselter SM, Zemann AJ, Bonn GK (1996) Determination of inorganic anions in kraft pul** liquors by capillary electrophoresis. J High Resolut Chromatogr 19:131–136

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Romano J, Jandik P, Jones WR, Jackson PE (1991) Optimization of inorganic capillary electrophoresis for the analysis of anionic solutes in real samples. J Chromatogr 546:411–421

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Salimi-Moosavi H, Cassidy RM (1995) Capillary electrophoresis of inorganic anions in nonaqueous media with electrochemical and indirect UV detection. Anal Chem 67:1067–1073

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Shamsi SA, Danielson ND (1994) Napthalenesulfonates as electrolytes for capillary electrophoresis of inorganic anions, organic-acids and surfactants with indirect photometric detection. Anal Chem 66:3757–3764

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Rhemrev-Boom MM (1994) Determination of anions with capillary electrophoresis and indirect ultraviolet detection. J Chromatogr A 680:675–684

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Motellier S, Gurdale K, Pitsch HJ (1997) Sulfur speciation by capillary electrophoresis with indirect spectrophotometric detection: in search of a suitable carrier electrolyte to maximize sensitivity. J Chromatogr A 770:311–319

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Buchberger W, Haddad PR (1992) Effects of carrier electrolyte composition on selectivity in capillary zone electrophoresis of low-molecular mass anions. J Chromatogr 608:59–64

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Li XA, Zhoub DM, Xua JJ, Chena HY (2008) Determination of chloride, chlorate and perchlorate by PDMS microchip electrophoresis with indirect amperometric detection. Talanta 75:157–162

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Jones WR, Jandik P (1992) Various approaches to analysis of difficult sample matrices of anions using capillary ion electrophoresis. J Chromatogr 608:385

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Wu MJ, Ren HX (1996) Capillary electrophoresis-indirect ultraviolet detection of anions of different morphotypes. Chin J Anal Chem 24:1178–1181

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Pirogov AV, Yurev AV, Shpigun OA (2003) Use of ionenes as capillary modifiers in the simultaneous determination of azide, chlorate, and perchlorate ions by capillary electrophoresis. J Anal Chem 58:781

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Wang J (2002) Electrochemical detection for microscale analytical systems: a review. Talanta 56:223–231

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Wang J (2005) Electrochemical detection for capillary electrophoresis microchips: a review. Electrophoresis 17:1133–1140

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Guan F, Wu H, Luo W (1996) Sensitive and selective method for direct determination of nitrite and nitrate by high-performance capillary electrophoresis . J Chromatogr A 719:427–433

    Google Scholar 

  35. Song L, Ou Q, Yu W, Xu G (1995) Effect of high concentrations of salts in samples on capillary electrophoresis of anions. J Chromatogr A 696:307–319

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Soga T, Inoue Y, Ross G (1995) Analysis of halides, oxyhalides and metal oxoacids by capillary electrophoresis with suppressed electroosmotic flow. J Chromatogr A 718:421–428

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Rantakokko P, Nissinen T, Vartiainen T (1999) Determination of bromide ion in raw and drinking waters by capillary zone electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 839:217–225

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Hoop MAG, Cleven RFM, Staden JJV, Neele J (1996) Analysis of fluoride in rain water comparison of capillary electrophoresis with ion chromatography and ion-selective electrode potentiometry. J Chromatogr A 739:241–248

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Skocir E, Pecavar A, Krasnja A, Prosek M (1993) Quantitative determination of fluorine in toothpastes. J High Resolut Chrom 16:243–246

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Shamsi SA, Danielson ND (1995) Ribonucleotide for capillary electrophoresis for phosphanates and polyphosphanates with adenosine monophosphate and indirect photometric detection. Anal Chem 67:1845–1852

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Wang P, Li SFY, Lee HK (1997) Simultaneous determination of monofluorophosphate and fluoride in toothpaste by capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 765:353–359

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Heidbuchel EW (1991) Fluor determination in toothpaste-extracts with fluoride-selected based on the kinetics of hydrolysis of sodiummonofluorophosphate. Pharm Acta Helv 66:290–297

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Small H, Stevens TS, Bauman WC (1975) Novel ion exchange chromatographic method using conductimetric method. Anal Chem 47:1801–1809

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Haddad RR, Jackson RE (1990) Ion chromatography—principles and applications Elsevier, Amsterdaml 4

    Google Scholar 

  45. Pantcková P, Urbánek M, Krivánkov L (2007) Determination of iodide in samples with complex matrices by hyphenation of capillary isotachophoresis and zone electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 28:3777–3785

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Paliulionyte V, Padarauskas A (2002) Single-run capillary electrophoretic speciation of iodide and iodine. Anal Chim Acta 466:133–139

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Semenova OP, Timerbaev AR, Gagstadter R, Bonn GK (1996) Speciation of chromium ions by capillary zone electrophoresis. J High Resolut Chromatogr 19:117–119

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Carou MIT, Mahia PL, Lorenzo SM, Fernández EF, Rodriguez DP (2001) Direct analysis of inorganic anions in samples with high salt content by capillary zone electrophoresis. J Chromatogr Sci 39:397–401

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Mori M, Hu W, Haddad PR, Fritz JS, Tanaka K, Tsue H, Tanaka S (2002) Capillary electrophoresis using high ionic strength background electrolytes containing zwitterionic and non-ionic surfactants. Anal Bioanal Chem 372:181–186

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Qin W, Lia SFY (2004) Determination of ammonium and metal ions by capillary electrophoresis–potential gradient detection using ionic liquid as background electrolyte and covalent coating reagent. J Chromatogr A 1048:253–256

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Guan F, Wu H, Luo Y (1996) Sensitive and selective method for direct determination of nitrite and nitrate by high-performance capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 719:427–433

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Himeno S, Inazuma N, Kitano E (2007) Simultaneous determination of phosphonate, phosphate, and diphosphate by capillary electrophoresis using in-capillary complexation with Mo(VI). J Sep Sci 30:1077–1081

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Fukushi K, Watanabea K, Takedab S, Wakidab S, Yamane M, Higashi K, Hiiro K (1998) Determination of bromide ions in seawater by capillary zone electrophoresis using diluted artificial seawater as the buffersolution. J Chromatogr A 802:211–217

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Biesaga M, Kwiatkowska M, Trojanowicz M (1997) Separation of chlorine-containing anions by ion chromatography and capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 777:375–381

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, 147 002, India

    Jatinder Singh Aulakh, Ramandeep Kaur & Ashok Kumar Malik

Authors
  1. Jatinder Singh Aulakh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ramandeep Kaur
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Ashok Kumar Malik
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ashok Kumar Malik .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Neuherberg, Germany

    Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this protocol

Cite this protocol

Aulakh, J.S., Kaur, R., Malik, A.K. (2016). Analysis of Small Ions with Capillary Electrophoresis. In: Schmitt-Kopplin, P. (eds) Capillary Electrophoresis. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1483. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6403-1_12

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6403-1_12

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-6401-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-6403-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Protocols

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation