Abstract
Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models provide an excellent platform to understand cancer initiation and development in vivo. In the context of brain tumor initiating cells (BTICs), PDX models allow for characterization of tumor formation, growth, and recurrence, in a clinically relevant in vivo system. Here, we detail procedures to harvest, culture, characterize, and orthotopically inject human BTICs derived from patient samples.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Reya T, Morrison SJ, Clarke MF, Weissman IL (2001) Stem cells, cancer, and cancer stem cells. Nature 414:105–111
Pardal R, Clarke MF, Morrison SJ (2003) Applying the principles of stem-cell biology to cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 3:895–902
Swanton C (2012) Intratumor heterogeneity: evolution through space and time. Cancer Res 72:4875–4882
Cox CV, Diamanti P, Evely RS, Kearns PR, Blair A (2009) Expression of CD133 on leukemia-initiating cells in childhood ALL. Blood 113:3287–3296
Hermann PC, Huber SL, Herrler T, Aicher A, Ellwart JW, Guba M et al (2007) Distinct populations of cancer stem cells determine tumor growth and metastatic activity in human pancreatic cancer. Cell Stem Cell 1:313–323
O'Brien CA, Pollett A, Gallinger S, Dick JE (2007) A human colon cancer cell capable of initiating tumour growth in immunodeficient mice. Nature 445:106–110
Singh SK, Hawkins C, Clarke ID, Squire JA, Bayani J, Hide T et al (2004) Identification of human brain tumour initiating cells. Nature 432:396–401
Collins AT, Berry PA, Hyde C, Stower MJ, Maitland NJ (2005) Prospective identification of tumorigenic prostate cancer stem cells. Cancer Res 65:10946–10951
**n L, Lawson DA, Witte ON (2005) The Sca-1 cell surface marker enriches for a prostate-regenerating cell subpopulation that can initiate prostate tumorigenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102:6942–6947
Batts TD, Machado HL, Zhang Y, Creighton CJ, Li Y, Rosen JM (2011) Stem cell antigen-1 (sca-1) regulates mammary tumor development and cell migration. PLoS One 6:e27841
Seigel GM, Campbell LM, Narayan M, Gonzalez-Fernandez F (2005) Cancer stem cell characteristics in retinoblastoma. Mol Vis 11:729–737
Du L, Wang H, He L, Zhang J, Ni B, Wang X et al (2008) CD44 is of functional importance for colorectal cancer stem cells. Clin Cancer Res 14:6751–6760
Patrawala L, Calhoun T, Schneider-Broussard R, Li H, Bhatia B, Tang S et al (2006) Highly purified CD44+ prostate cancer cells from xenograft human tumors are enriched in tumorigenic and metastatic progenitor cells. Oncogene 25:1696–1708
Li C, Heidt DG, Dalerba P, Burant CF, Zhang L, Adsay V et al (2007) Identification of pancreatic cancer stem cells. Cancer Res 67:1030–1037
Baumann P, Cremers N, Kroese F, Orend G, Chiquet-Ehrismann R, Uede T et al (2005) CD24 expression causes the acquisition of multiple cellular properties associated with tumor growth and metastasis. Cancer Res 65:10783–10793
Dalerba P, Dylla SJ, Park IK, Liu R, Wang X, Cho RW et al (2007) Phenotypic characterization of human colorectal cancer stem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104:10158–10163
Hemmati HD, Nakano I, Lazareff JA, Masterman-Smith M, Geschwind DH, Bronner-Fraser M, Kornblum HI (2003) Cancerous stem cells can arise from pediatric brain tumors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100:15178–15183
Singh SK, Clarke ID, Terasaki M, Bonn VE, Hawkins C, Squire J, Dirks PB (2003) Identification of a cancer stem cell in human brain tumors. Cancer Res 63:5821–5828
Galli R, Binda E, Orfanelli U, Cipelletti B, Gritti A, De Vitis S et al (2004) Isolation and characterization of tumorigenic, stem-like neural precursors from human glioblastoma. Cancer Res 64:7011–7021
Bao S, Wu Q, McLendon RE, Hao Y, Shi Q, Hjelmeland AB et al (2006) Glioma stem cells promote radioresistance by preferential activation of the DNA damage response. Nature 444:756–760
Liu G, Yuan X, Zeng Z, Tunici P, Ng H, Abdulkadir IR et al (2006) Analysis of gene expression and chemoresistance of CD133+ cancer stem cells in glioblastoma. Mol Cancer 5:67
Calabrese C, Poppleton H, Kocak M, Hogg TL, Fuller C, Hamner B et al (2007) A perivascular niche for brain tumor stem cells. Cancer Cell 11:69–82
Kaye AH, Morstyn G, Gardner I, Pyke K (1986) Development of a xenograft glioma model in mouse brain. Cancer Res 46:1367–1373
Rana MW, Pinkerton H, Thornton H, Nagy D (1977) Heterotransplantation of human glioblastoma multiforme and meningioma to nude mice. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 155:85–88
Shapiro WR, Basler GA, Chernik NL, Posner JB (1979) Human brain tumor transplantation into nude mice. J Natl Cancer Inst 62:447–453
Shultz LD, Brehm MA, Bavari S, Greiner DL (2011) Humanized mice as a preclinical tool for infectious disease and biomedical research. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1245:50–54
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Chokshi, C., Dhillon, M., McFarlane, N., Venugopal, C., Singh, S.K. (2016). Development of a Patient-Derived Xenograft Model Using Brain Tumor Stem Cell Systems to Study Cancer. In: Ursini-Siegel, J., Beauchemin, N. (eds) The Tumor Microenvironment. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1458. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3801-8_17
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3801-8_17
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-3799-8
Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-3801-8
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols