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Oxidative Stress in Bipolar Disorder

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Abstract

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a major public health problem associated with significant functional impairment. Despite recent advances, the molecular mechanisms underlying BD remain unclear. Cumulative evidence from research studies, including those from our laboratory, has shown that the regulation of energy metabolism through mitochondrial electron transport chain and alterations in calcium voltage-dependent channels may be central to the pathophysiology of BD. In fact, patients with BD present an increase in markers of oxidative damage to lipids, proteins, and DNA in both central and peripheral samples followed by increased intracellular levels of calcium. In theory, calcium might trigger mitochondrial dysfunction, which in turn leads to an increase in the production of reactive oxygen species and its consequent oxidative stress damage to biomolecules. Therefore, this chapter will discuss the recent findings of oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in BD and how calcium alterations play a role in this scenario.

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Abbreviations

5-HT:

Serotonin

5meOHC:

5-hydroxymethylcisteine

8-OHdG:

8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine

BD:

Bipolar disorder

BER:

Base excision repair

DNA:

Glycosylase 1

ETC:

Electron transport chain

GWAS:

Genome-wide association studies

LPA:

Lysophosphatic acid

MD:

Mitochondrial dysfunction

MDD:

Major depressive disorder

NER:

Nucleotide excision repair

Ogg1:

Oxyguanosine

PAF:

Platelet-activating factor

PKA:

Protein kinase A

RNS:

Reactive nitrogen species

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SCZ:

Schizophrenia

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Medical Science Building, Room 4204. 1 king’s College Circle, M5S 1A8, Toronto, ON, Canada

    Gustavo Scola Ph.D. & Ana C. Andreazza Pharm, Ph.D.

  2. Centre for Addiction & Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

    Gustavo Scola Ph.D. & Ana C. Andreazza Pharm, Ph.D.

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  1. Gustavo Scola Ph.D.
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  2. Ana C. Andreazza Pharm, Ph.D.
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Correspondence to Ana C. Andreazza Pharm, Ph.D. .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biological Psychiatry of the Chair of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland

    Anna Dietrich-Muszalska

  2. Department of Neurochemistry, New York State Institute for Basic Research, Staten Island, New York, USA

    Ved Chauhan

  3. Departments of Psychiatry and Physiology & Biophysics, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada

    Sylvain Grignon

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Scola, G., Andreazza, A.C. (2015). Oxidative Stress in Bipolar Disorder. In: Dietrich-Muszalska, A., Chauhan, V., Grignon, S. (eds) Studies on Psychiatric Disorders. Oxidative Stress in Applied Basic Research and Clinical Practice. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-0440-2_3

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