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Acquired Genetic and Epigenetic Alterations in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

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Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 778))

Abstract

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has a distinct geographic distribution and strong association with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Recent advances in molecular investigations and bioinformatics have disclosed critical genetic and epigenetic events in NPC. In this chapter, we will focus on important genetic and epigenetic alterations in NPC derived from EBV positive NPC cell lines and human tumoral tissues. Copy number losses on chromosomes 1p, 3p, 9p, 9q, 11q, 13q, 14q and 16q and recurrent gains on chromosome 1q, 3q, 8q, 12p and 12q were frequently observed in NPC. The roles of several important tumor suppressors (e.g., p16, RASSF1A) and oncogenes (e.g., CCND1, LTβR) have been delineated. However, potential critical cancer associated genes in other chromosomal regions remain to be identified. Frequent wide-spread methylation of cancer related genes is another common phenomenon in NPC and leads to alterations of multiple cellular pathways. The possible mechanisms of NPC tumorigenesis, in particular the roles of EBV latent gene products, have been suggested. There is also emerging information concerning the disruption of various signaling pathways including NF-κB signaling pathways in NPC. NPC serves as a fascinating model to understand the complex interaction among environmental, viral, and genetic factors in human tumorigenesis. Important genetic and epigenetic alterations in NPC are summarized in this chapter. Based on these observations, a hypothetical model of NPC tumorigenesis is proposed and serves as a platform for continuous refinement.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology and State Key Laboratory in Oncology in Southern China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China

    Kwok-Wai Lo, Grace Tin-Yun Chung & Ka-Fai To

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  1. Kwok-Wai Lo
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  2. Grace Tin-Yun Chung
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  1. CNRS and Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Sud 11, UMR 8126, Villejuif, France

    Pierre Busson MD, PhD

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Lo, KW., Chung, G.TY., To, KF. (2013). Acquired Genetic and Epigenetic Alterations in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. In: Busson, P. (eds) Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 778. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5947-7_5

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