Abstract
Granuloma annulare (GA) is a benign, granulomatous disease of unknown origin affecting patients of all ages. Localized and disseminated variants are reported. Treatment is not often needed as the majority of these lesions self-resolve within 2 years. Treatment may be pursued for cosmetic reasons. Available options include high-dose steroid creams, PUVA, cryotherapy, or drugs such as niacinamide, infliximab, dapsone, and topical calcineurin inhibitors. Patch GA lesions are more prone to regression and the outcome of treatment is difficult to evaluate. Cryotherapy with LN is a good option in patients with localized GA.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Smith MD, Downie JBD, Costanzo D. Granuloma annulare. Int J Dermatol. 1997;36:326–33.
Dahl MV. Granuloma annulare: long-term follow-up. Arch Dermatol. 2007;143:946–7.
Mutasim DF, Bridges AG. Patch granuloma annulare: clinicopathologic study of 6 patients. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2000;42:417–21.
Muhlbauer JE. Granuloma annulare. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1980;3:217–30.
Friedman-Birnbaum R, Weltfriend S, Munichor M, Lichtig C. A comparative histopathologic study of generalized and localized granuloma annulare. Am J Dermatopathol. 1989;11:144–8.
Barron DF, Cootauco MH, Cohen BA. Granuloma annulare. A clinical review. Lippincotts Prim Care Pract. 1997;1:33–9.
Setterfield J, Huilgol SC, Black MM. Generalised granuloma annulare successfully treated with PUVA. Clin Exp Dermatol. 1999;24:458–60.
Blume-Peytavi U, Zouboulis CC, Jacobi H, Scholz A, Bisson S, Orfanos CE. Successful outcome of cryosurgery in patients with granuloma annulare. Br J Dermatol. 1994;130:494–7.
Levin NA, Patterson JW, Yao LL, Wilson BB. Resolution of patch-type granuloma annulare lesions after biopsy. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2002;46:426–9.
Sniezek PJ, DeBloom II JR, Arpey CJ. Treatment of granuloma annulare with the 585 nm pulsed dye laser. Dermatol Surg. 2005;31:1370–3.
Huilgol SC, Liddell K, Black MM. Generalized granuloma annulare sparing vaccination sites. Clin Exp Dermatol. 1995;20:51–3.
Modlin RL, Horwitz DA, Jordan RR, Gebhard JF, Taylor CR, Rea TH. Immunopathologic demonstration of T lymphocyte subpopulations and interleukin 2 in granuloma annulare. Pediatr Dermatol. 1984;2:26–32.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer-Verlag London
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Strumia, R. (2016). Granuloma Annulare. In: Abramovits, W., Graham, G., Har-Shai, Y., Strumia, R. (eds) Dermatological Cryosurgery and Cryotherapy. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-6765-5_77
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-6765-5_77
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-4471-6764-8
Online ISBN: 978-1-4471-6765-5
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)