Abstract
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, originally experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, is the well-known animal model of multiple sclerosis, an immune- mediated, demyelinating, inflammatory chronic disease of the central nervous system. The experimental disease is widely utilized to test new therapies in preclinical studies, to investigate new hypothesis on the possible pathogenic mechanisms of autoimmune reaction directed against the central nervous system or more generally to investigate the interactions between the immune system and the central nervous system that lead to neuroinflammation. The experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis may be induced following different protocols in mammals, including nonhuman primates, and autoreactive CD4+ T-lymphocytes directed against myelin antigens are the main factors. Here, after introducing the model, we describe the protocol to induce active EAE in inbred mice, we report on a table the different clinical courses of EAE depending on the combination of antigen /mouse strain and we provide indications on how to evaluate the clinics and pathology of this induced disease.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Van Epps VL (2005) Thomas River and the EAE model. J Exp Med 202(1):4. https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.2021fta
Procaccini C, De Rosa V, Pucino V et al (2015) Animal models of multiple sclerosis. Eur J Pharmacol 759:182–191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.03.042
Costantinescu CS, Farooqi N, O’Briejn K et al (2011) Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) as a model of multiple sclerosis (MS). Br J Pharmacol 164:1079–1106. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01302.x
Kuchroo VK, Anderson AC, Waldner H et al (2002) T-cell response in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE): role of self and cross-reactive antigens in sha**, tuning and regulating the autopathogenic T-cell repertoire. Annu Rev Immunol 20:101–123. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.immunol.20.081701.141316
Gran B, Zhang GX, Yu S et al (2002) IL-12p35-deficient mice are susceptible to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: evidence for redundancy in the IL-12 system in the induction of central nervous system demyelination. J Immunol 169:7104–7110. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.169.12.7104
Langrish CL, Chen Y, Blumenschein WM et al (2005) IL-23 drives a pathogenic T- cell population that induces autoimmune inflammation. J Exp Med 201:233–240. https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20041257
Paterson PY (1960) Transfer of allergic encephalomyelitis in rats by means of lymph node cells. J Exp Med 111:119–135. https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.111.1.119
Furlan R, Cuomo C, Martino G (2009) Animal models of multiple sclerosis. Methods Mol Biol 549:157–173
Bjielobaba I, Begovic-Kupresanin V, Pekovic S et al (2018) Animal models of multiple sclerosis: focus on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Neurosci Res 96:1021–1042. https://doi.org/10.1002/jnr.24224
Fritz RB, Chou CH, McFarlin DE (1983) Relapsing murine experimental allergic encephalomyelitis induced by myelin basic protein. J Immunol 130:1024–1026
Amor S, Groome N, Linington C et al (1994) Identification of epitopes of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein for the induction of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in SJL and Biozzi AB/H mice. J Immunol 153:4349–4356
Oliver AR, Lyon GM, Ruddle NH (2003) Rat and human myelin oligodendrocyte glycoproteins induce experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by different mechanisms in C57BL/6 mice. J Immunol 17:462–468. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.171.1.462
Sundvall M, Jirholt J, Yang HT et al (1995) Identification of murine loci associated with susceptibility to chronic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Nat Genet 10:313–317. https://doi.org/10.1038/ng0795-313
Kipp M, van der Star B, Vogel DYS et al (2012) Experimental in vivo and in vitro models of multiple sclerosis: EAE and beyond. Mult Scler Relat Disord 1:15–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msard.2011.09.002
Giuliani F, Fu SA, Metz LM et al (2005) Effective combination of minocycline and interferon beta in a model of multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 175:83–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroim.2005.04.020
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Ballerini, C. (2021). Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. In: Annunziato, F., Maggi, L., Mazzoni, A. (eds) T-Helper Cells. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 2285. Humana, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1311-5_27
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1311-5_27
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-0716-1310-8
Online ISBN: 978-1-0716-1311-5
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols