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Constructed Wetlands and Phytoremediation as a Tool for Pharmaceutical Removal

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Interaction and Fate of Pharmaceuticals in Soil-Crop Systems

Part of the book series: The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry ((HEC,volume 103))

Abstract

Constructed wetlands are one of the most often applied nature-based solutions for water management. This ecotechnology is widely accepted due to its robustness to treat wastewater. The assessment of organic carbon and nutrients removal for conventional wastewater treatment has been documented for nearly 70 years. In the recent decade, interest has increased in regard to their performance to treat water contaminated with pharmaceuticals. In 2020 we have passed 200 publications on the latter. Therefore, there is a fair amount of knowledge available to discuss the applicability of constructed wetlands to control the emission of pharmaceuticals. The current chapter aims to (1) provide an insight to the performance of constructed wetlands under a variety of configurations and design options for the removal of pharmaceuticals; (2) discuss removal processes, namely, plant and biological-driven biodegradation, the challenges in its application and reproducibility, the knowledge gaps and the future trends; and (3) link constructed wetland usage and developments with the recent trends of nature-based solution and phytoremediation implementation towards a green transition.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark

    Pedro N. Carvalho

  2. WATEC – Centre for Water Technology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark

    Pedro N. Carvalho

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  1. Pedro N. Carvalho
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Correspondence to Pedro N. Carvalho .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental and Food Chemistry (ENFOCHEM), Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain

    Sandra Pérez Solsona

  2. Department of Environmental and Food Chemistry (ENFOCHEM), Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain

    Nicola Montemurro

  3. University of Montpellier - IRD, Montpellier, France

    Serge Chiron

  4. Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Parc Científic i Tecnològic de la Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain

    Damià Barceló

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Carvalho, P.N. (2020). Constructed Wetlands and Phytoremediation as a Tool for Pharmaceutical Removal. In: Pérez Solsona, S., Montemurro, N., Chiron, S., Barceló, D. (eds) Interaction and Fate of Pharmaceuticals in Soil-Crop Systems. The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, vol 103. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/698_2020_624

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