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Mothers with higher twinning propensity had lower fertility in pre-industrial Europe
Historically, mothers producing twins gave birth, on average, more often than non-twinners. This observation has been interpreted as twinners having...
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Increased nitrous oxide emissions from global lakes and reservoirs since the pre-industrial era
Lentic systems (lakes and reservoirs) are emission hotpots of nitrous oxide (N 2 O), a potent greenhouse gas; however, this has not been well...
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Conflicts and the spread of plagues in pre-industrial Europe
One of the most devastating environmental consequences of war is the disruption of peacetime human–microbe relationships, leading to outbreaks of...
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Pre-industrial sediment concentrations of metals: insights from the Venice lagoon (Italy)
This study investigated the occurrence of selected metals and metalloids (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Zn) in radio-dated sediment cores from a...
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Counting the missing poor in pre-industrial societies
Under income-differentiated mortality, poverty measures suffer from a selection bias: they do not count the missing poor (i.e., persons who would...
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Recent human-induced atmospheric drying across Europe unprecedented in the last 400 years
The vapor pressure deficit reflects the difference between how much moisture the atmosphere could and actually does hold, a factor that fundamentally...
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Consolidating historical instrumental observations in southern Australia for assessing pre-industrial weather and climate variability
Human-induced climate change has resulted in long-term drying trends across southern Australia, particularly during the cool season, with the most...
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Quantifying risks avoided by limiting global warming to 1.5 or 2 °C above pre-industrial levels
The Paris Agreement aims to constrain global warming to ‘well below 2 °C’ and to ‘pursue efforts’ to limit it to 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels....
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State dependency of the forest-tundra-short wave feedback: comparing the mid-Pliocene and pre-industrial eras
The forest-tundra-short wave net radiation feedback is an important climatic feedback, especially due to its potential role in modulating glacial...
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Climate change and nutrient enrichment altering sedimentary diatom assemblages since pre-industrial time: evidence from Canada’s most populated ecozone
Lakes worldwide are under threat by a myriad of environmental stressors that have been increasing in number and magnitude. These stressors can be...
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Archaeology and Quality of Life in Central-European, Pre-Industrial Towns (Fourteenth to Eighteenth Centuries)
Diversification of standards of living in modern societies is one of the main research topics for economists and sociologists. Usually, economic...
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Metals and metalloids in high-altitude Pyrenean lakes: sources and distribution in pre-industrial and modern sediments
High-altitude Pyrenean lakes are ecosystems far from local pollution sources, and thus they are particularly sensitive to the atmospheric deposition...
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Historical marine footprint for Atlantic Europe, 1500–2019
Over the last 500 years, Europe (excluding Russia) consumed over 2500 million tonnes of ocean biomass. This is based on detailed historical data that...
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The Role of the Individual in Successful Disaster Management in Pre-industrial Societies: The Cases of Southern Italy and the Azores
We contend that the leader was often the key actor in determining whether responses to disasters were successful in the pre-industrial societies of...
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Global and regional aggregate damages associated with global warming of 1.5 to 4 °C above pre-industrial levels
We quantify global and regional aggregate damages from global warming of 1.5 to 4 ° C above pre-industrial levels using a well-established integrated...
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Temperature extremes of 2022 reduced carbon uptake by forests in Europe
The year 2022 saw record breaking temperatures in Europe during both summer and fall. Similar to the recent 2018 drought, close to 30% (3.0 million km
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A comparative analysis of pre- and post-industrial spatiotemporal drought trends and patterns of Tibet Plateau using Sen slope estimator and steady-state probabilities of Markov Chain
Drought poses a significant risk to human life, agriculture, energy, ecosystem, wildlife, and other aspects of the terrestrial system. Climate...
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Cost-effective adaptation strategies to rising river flood risk in Europe
River flood risk in Europe could rise to unprecedented levels due to global warming and continued development in flood-prone areas. Here, we appraise...
