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Causal Reasoning Methods in Medical Domain: A Review
Causal reasoning has been a key topic in medical domain with many applications, in which the core problem is to infer the causal effects of medical...
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Characteristics of Pre-Service Chemistry Teachers' Mechanistic Reasoning In Organic Chemistry Tasks: An Eye-Tracking Study
Organic chemistry is challenging for novices as it involves a large quantity of organic reactions. Effective learning requires not only profound...
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Causal and Deductive Reasoning in Socio-Economic Systems
From the perspective of causal inference, this chapter addresses propensity score matching as a data-based statistical causal inference and ABM as a...
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A Bayesian model of legal syllogistic reasoning
Bayesian approaches to legal reasoning propose causal models of the relation between evidence, the credibility of evidence, and ultimate hypotheses,...
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A causal perspective on dataset bias in machine learning for medical imaging
As machine learning methods gain prominence within clinical decision-making, the need to address fairness concerns becomes increasingly urgent....
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Commonsense Causal Modeling in the Data Mining Context
Commonsense causal reasoning is important to human reasoning. Causality itself as well as human understanding of causality is imprecise, sometimes...
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Quantum causal models: the merits of the spirit of Reichenbach’s principle for understanding quantum causal structure
Through the introduction of his ‘common cause principle’ [ The Direction of Time , 1956], Hans Reichenbach was the first to formulate a precise link...
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Causal Conditionals, Tendency Causal Claims and Statistical Relevance
Indicative conditionals and tendency causal claims are closely related (e.g., Frosch and Byrne,
2012 ), but despite these connections, they are... -
Causal Explainable AI
Machine learning has achieved significant success in many AI applications that have been deployed. Most early approaches focused on optimizing...
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Neural activity and network analysis for understanding reasoning using the matrix reasoning task
Reasoning requires the ability to manipulate mental representations and understand relationships between objects. There is a paucity of research...
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Using Case-Based Causal Reasoning to Provide Explainable Counterfactual Diagnosis in Personalized Sprint Training
Intelligent sport training (IST) is an urgent need for both professional athletes and ordinary people, but personalized intelligent diagnosing is...
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Causal Explanations
There are several forms of explanation, one of which being causal explanations. Causal explanations are often descriptions of mechanisms, i.e.,...
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Semiempty collaborative concept map** in history education: students’ engagement in historical reasoning and coconstruction
There is abundant research on the use of concept maps in education. However, the most notable efforts have focused on learning outcomes as a...
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Causal Relations and Causal Relata in Science
There is no such class of things as causes. The terms ‘cause’ and ‘effect’ are relational terms, in other words, our concern is the causal relation...
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An event algebra for causal counterfactuals
“If the tower is any taller than 320 ms, it may collapse,” Eiffel thinks out loud. Although understanding this counterfactual poses no trouble, the...
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Causal Inference and Recommendations
In the era of information overload, recommender systems (RSs) have become an indispensable part of online service platforms. Traditional RSs estimate...
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Improving multiple document comprehension with a lesson about multi-causal explanations in science
Relying on multiple documents to answer questions is becoming common for both academic and personal inquiry tasks. These tasks often require students...
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NeuroCERIL: Robotic Imitation Learning via Hierarchical Cause-Effect Reasoning in Programmable Attractor Neural Networks
Imitation learning allows social robots to learn new skills from human teachers without substantial manual programming, but it is difficult for...
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VCD: Visual Causality Discovery for Cross-Modal Question Reasoning
Existing visual question reasoning methods usually fail to explicitly discover the inherent causal mechanism and ignore jointly modeling cross-modal...