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Redundancy in microbiota-mediated suppression of the soybean cyst nematode
BackgroundSoybean cyst nematodes (SCN) as animal parasites of plants are not usually interested in killing the host but are rather focused on...
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Lessons from the physiological role of guanosine in neurodegeneration and cancer: Toward a multimodal mechanism of action?
Neurodegenerative diseases and brain tumours represent important health challenges due to their severe nature and debilitating consequences that...
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Mavorixafor: First Approval
Mavorixafor (XOLREMDI™) is an oral, selective C-X-C chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) antagonist developed by X4 Pharmaceuticals that blocks the binding...
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Influence of Urolithin A and Cholecalciferol on IFN-γ Production by Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Under Normal Conditions and in the Presence of Products Released by Tumor Cells
Urolithin A is a polyphenolic metabolite of ellagic acid and ellagitannins that is produced by intestinal microbiota and has higher bioavailability...
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Cholera toxin: mechanisms of entry into host cells
Cholera toxin moves from the plasma membrane to the ER of host cells to cause disease. Trafficking in this pathway depends on toxin binding to...
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The Ustilago maydis killer toxins
Killer toxins are small proteins secreted by a number of fungi that are lethal to susceptible cells (generally fungi of the same or related species)....
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Environmental Oxidative Stress – Environmental Sources of ROS
Environmental factors are known sources for oxidative stress. In consequence of the numerous influences that define our environment, environmental...
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Endogenous Oxidant-Generating Systems
Although organisms respiring air oxygen use their energy sources in an optimal way they are threatened by the compulsory formation of reactive oxygen...
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Low Molecular Weight Antioxidants
Low molecular weight antioxidants are an important part of the antioxidative defense mechanisms of cells and organisms. This chapter gives a short...
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S. cerevisiae K28 toxin – a secreted virus toxin of the A/B family of protein toxins
Since the initial discovery of toxin-secreting killer strains in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae more than 40 years ago, continuous research on...
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Modulation of Cellular Signaling Processes by Reactive Oxygen Species
Exposure of cells to reactive oxygen species (ROS) may result not only in cell death by excessive oxidation of biomolecules but also cause the...
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Taxonomy and phylogenetic diversity among the yeasts
Yeasts are among the economically and scientifically most important eukaryotic microorganisms known. At present, there are 1,500 recognized species,...
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Glutathione
Glutathione is the most abundant non-protein thiol in cells. It is a tripeptide with two important structural features: the thiol group and the...
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The Broad Spectrum of Responses to Oxidative Stress in Proliferating Cells
Proliferating mammalian cells exhibit a broad spectrum of responses to oxidative stress, depending on the stress level encountered. Very low levels...
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Diphtheria toxin, diphtheria-related fusion protein toxins, and the molecular mechanism of their action against eukaryotic cells
Diphtheria toxin remains one of the most successfully studied of the bacterial protein toxins. A detailed understanding of the structure function...
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Cofactor Regeneration at the Lab Scale
Progress made in lab-scale applications of various coenzyme regeneration systems over the last two decades has mainly focused on the applications of...
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Comparative genomics and gene finding in fungi -- Supplement
Online Supplement to Chapter 1
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Telomeres in fungi
Telomeres are the functional elements concluding and defining each linear chromosome in eukaryotes. They play an essential role in protecting genetic...
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The genome of the filamentous fungus Ashbya gossypii: annotation and evolutionary implications
The 9.2 Mb genome of the filamentous fungus Ashbya gossypii consists of seven chromosomes carrying 4718 protein coding genes, 194 tRNA genes, at...