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Introduction to Space Weather
Adverse space weather is one of the principal threats to modern human technology. Solar coronal mass ejections, large solar flares, and high-speed...
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Space Weather Effects in the Upper Atmosphere: Low and Middle Latitudes
In this chapter the space weather effects in the upper atmosphere are investigated. It is discussed how space weather affects satellites and radio...
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12 Microbial Life in Brines, Evaporites and Saline Sediments: The Search for Life on Mars
When water on a planet begins to evaporate the dissolved minerals become more concentrated, form a brine, eventually precipitating out of solution...
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5 Global Distribution of Subsurface Water Measured by Mars Odyssey
While the presence of water in minerals of the Martian surface has been known for many years and the storage of ground ice in the past and present...
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Planet Formation
Motivating the study of planet formation is not difficult for any curious audience. One of the fundamental human questions is that of origins: “where...
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Orbit Dynamics, Stability and Chaos in Planetary Systems
Let us start with a problem of dynamical biology, which was posed about 800 years ago by Fibonacci1
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Velocity Dispersion Analysis of CNOC Clusters
I present results of the analysis of the internal velocity dispersions,...
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Magellanic Cloud Eclipsing Binaries: Distances and Dimensions
In this contribution we analyse previously unpublished radial velocity curves in conjunction with other already published light curves, Strömgren...
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The Galactic Bulge: Prospects for the VLT
The central bulge of the Galaxy is 100 times closer than the nearest extragalactic bulge, that of M31. Until the era of 100m telescopes arrives, the...
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The Stellar Mass Function
Considerable progress has been made recently in more accurately determining the frequency distribution of stellar masses in the critical 0.1 to 1 m...
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Extrasolar Planets Transits: Detection and Follow-Up
The detection of transits has a rich potential of information about extrasolar planets. This contribution gives an overview and new perspectives on...
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Astrometry with the VLT Interferometer
The VLTI was originally conceived as an imaging instrument, providing a resolution of a few milliarcseconds at near-infrared wavelengths for studies...
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12 Entropy Production in the Planetary Context
In this paper I review some applications of nonequilibrium thermodynamics to planetary science. Of particular importance are the horizontal and...
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10 Thermodynamics of the Ocean Circulation: A Global Perspective on the Ocean System and Living Systems
In this chapter, we investigate thermodynamics in a global-scale open ocean circulation and discuss the physical properties of “living systems”, that...
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16 Temperature, Biogenesis, and Biospheric Self-Organization
We argue that the biosphere has evolved deterministically as a selforganized system, given the initial conditions of the Sun-Earth system. With...
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8 Entropy Production of Atmospheric Heat Transport
We examine the rate of entropy produced by the atmospheric general circulation and the hypothesis that it adjusts itself towards a macroscopic state...
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18 Insights from Thermodynamics for the Analysis of Economic Processes
The laws of thermodynamics constrain transformation of materials and energy, and thus have implications for economic processes. This paper provides...
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1 Entropy Production by Earth System Processes
Degradation of energy to lower temperatures and the associated production of entropy is a general direction for Earth system processes, ranging from...
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15 Coupled Evolution of Earth’s Atmosphere and Biosphere
Earth’s climate has remained conducive to life for more than 3.5 billion years, probably because of higher concentrations of CO2 and CH4 greenhouse...
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Clusters of Galaxies at High Redshift
For a long time, the small number of clusters at z > 0.3 in the Abell survey catalogue and simulations of the standard CDM formation of large scale...