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Aquaculture of “Non-Food Organisms” for Natural Substance Production
Marine invertebrates are already sources of commercially important secondary metabolites and may become even more so as knowledge on marine...
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Biochemistry and General Genetics of Nonribosomal Peptide Synthetases in Fungi
Peptides like penicillin or cyclosporin are nonribosomally synthesised by large multifunctional enzymes. Peptide synthetase genes are coexpressed...
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Compartmentalization and Transport in β-Lactam Antibiotics Biosynthesis
Classical strain improvement of β-lactam producing organisms by random mutagenesis has been a powerful tool during the last century. Current insights...
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Kluyveromyces lactis zymocin and other plasmid-encoded yeast killer toxins
Supported by an endogenous killer plasmid DNA system that codes for an anti-proliferative zymocin toxin, the dairy yeast Kluyveromyces lactis has...
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Staphylococcal alpha-toxin
Staphylococcal alpha-toxin, archetype of an oligomerizing pore-forming toxin, is produced and secreted as a water-soluble 34 kD monomer. High...
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Shiga toxins and their mechanisms of cell entry
The Shiga toxins (Stxs) are related toxins secreted by Shigella dysenteriae, Escherichia coli in addition to other bacteria. They all act by entering...
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Screening for New Metabolites from Marine Microorganisms
This article gives an overview of current analysis techniques for the screening and the activity analysis of metabolites from marine...
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Seafood Allergy: Lessons from Clinical Symptoms, Immunological Mechanisms and Molecular Biology
Food allergy consists of a wide range of disorders that result from adverse immune responses to dietary antigens. Manifestations of allergic...
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Marine Enzymes
Marine enzyme biotechnology can offer novel biocatalysts with properties like high salt tolerance, hyperthermostability, barophilicity, cold...
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Regulation of Penicillin Biosynthesis in Filamentous Fungi
The β-lactam antibiotic penicillin is one of the mainly used antibiotics for the therapy of infectious diseases. It is produced as end product by...
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Extraction of Primary and Secondary Metabolites
Several new methods besides the usual organic solvent extraction have been developed over the last few years for the extraction of primary and...
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Industrial Enzymatic Production of Cephalosporin-Based β-Lactams
Cephalosporins are chemically closely related to penicillins both work by inhibiting the cell wall synthesis of bacteria. The first generation...
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Employing protein size in the functional analysis of orthologous proteins, as illustrated with the yeast HOG pathway
Comparative genomics has provided us with a new handle on the interpretation of protein sequences. The sequencing of numerous fungal genomes has...
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Effects of Sex Steroids on Innate and Adaptive Immunity
Estrogens and androgens are classically recognized as reproductive sex steroid hormones because of their well-documented effects on reproductive...
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SUMOylation of nuclear receptor Nor1/NR4A3 coordinates microtubule cytoskeletal dynamics and stability in neuronal cells
BackgroundNor1/NR4A3 is a member of the NR4A subfamily of nuclear receptors that play essential roles in regulating gene expression related to...
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Identification of volatile metabolites produced from levodopa metabolism by different bacteria strains of the gut microbiome
Interspecies pathways in the gut microbiome have been shown to metabolize levodopa, the primary treatment for Parkinson’s disease, and reduce its...
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Emerging biologic augmentation strategies for meniscal repair: a systematic review
BackgroundMeniscal repair should be the gold standard. However, the meniscus is poorly vascularized and even an excellent meniscus repair may not...
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Increasing the efficiency of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing in the citrus postharvest pathogen Penicillium digitatum
BackgroundPenicillium digitatum is a fungal plant pathogen that causes the green mold disease in harvested citrus fruits. Due to its economical...
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Diffusion-tensor magnetic resonance imaging as a non-invasive assessment of extracellular matrix remodeling in lumbar paravertebral muscles of rats with sarcopenia
BackgroundExtracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling in skeletal muscle is a significant factor in the development of sarcopenia. This study aims to...
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Lysinibacillus pinottii sp. nov., a novel species with anti-mosquito and anti-mollusk activity
An isolate of a Gram-positive, strictly aerobic, motile, rod-shaped, endospore forming bacterium was originally isolated from soil when screening and...
