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Aerothermodynamics, Nonlinear Acoustics and the Meteorological Equations
The study of low-Mach-number flows occurs in the general context of asymptotic modelling of fluid flows, and in a recent book (Zeytounian 2004, Chap....
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Some Aspects of Low-Mach-Number External Flows
In this chapter, we consider first, in Sect. 4.1, a detailed derivation of the Navier–Fourier initial–boundary–value problem for the Navier velocity...
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Biomass Smoke and Health Risks – The Situation in Develo** Countries
About half of the world’s population relies on traditional fuels such as biomass (wood, agricultural residues, animal dung and charcoal) as the...
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Indoor Air Pollution by Microorganisms and Their Metabolites
Microbial damage in indoor areas is caused most frequently by molds and bacteria. These microorganisms have a very important role in the...
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Prospects for International Management of Intercontinental Air Pollution Transport
The recognition of the intercontinental transport of air pollution continues a historic trend towards greater awareness and management of air...
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Sources and Impacts of Pesticides in Indoor Environments
Indoor contamination is one source of exposure to toxic pollutants and has been classified as a high environmental risk. Epidemiological research...
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Numerical Modelling of Long-Range Pollution Transport
A quantitative understanding of long-range transport of air pollution involves several aspects from different science areas: emissions of ozone...
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Intercontinental Transport of Air Pollution: An Introduction
This chapter introduces the reader to the topic of intercontinental air pollution transport. It starts by describing how air pollution problems...
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Long Range Transport of Air Pollution to the Arctic
Transport of air pollution to the Arctic is reviewed with emphasis on what has been measured. General atmospheric circulation patterns especially...
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Some Aspects of Low-Mach-Number Internal Flows
In the present chapter, the main problem concerns low-Mach-number flow affected by acoustic effects in a confined gas over a long time.
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Slow Atmospheric Motion as a Low-Mach-Number Flow
First, in Sect. 6.1, we discuss in detail various facets of the applicability of the Boussinesq approximation to slow atmospheric motion. In Sect....
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The Many Faces of the Asymptotics of Low-Mach-Number Flows
It has long been known (Janzen 1913 and Rayleigh 1916) that asymptotic methods provide a sound way of describing incompressible aerodynamics...
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A First Approach to the Asymptotics of Low-Mach-Number Flows
In this chapter, we describe an initial (rather ‘naive’) approach to the asymptotics of low-Mach-number flows, based mainly on consideration of the...
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Sensory Evaluation of Indoor Air Pollution Sources
The basic biological principles of the perception mechanisms for odour and irritants are fairly well understood. Much more uncertain is how these...
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Air Pollution Export from and Import to Europe: Experimental Evidence
The intercontinental transport of air pollutants from and to Europe is described in detail. The major focus is on the import of air pollution from...
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Air Pollution Export from and Import to North America: Experimental Evidence
North America (Canada and the USA) contains only 5% of the world’s population but accounts for 15–23% of the world’s emissions in terms of trace...
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Intercontinental Transport of Ozone from Tropical Biomass Burning
Photochemically reactive gases released by fires (e.g., NO, CO, hydrocarbons) interact as they do in an urban environment to form ozone. There has...
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Export of Air Pollution from Southern Asia and its Large-Scale Effects
Southern Asia is one of the most heavily populated regions of the world. In contrast to much of the rest of the world, biofuel and biomass burning...
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Indoor Particles, Combustion Products and Fibres
Pollutants in an indoor environment are a complex mixture of gases, vapours and particles in either the liquid or the solid phase, suspended in the...
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Miscellaneous: Various Low-Mach-Number Fluid Problems and Motions
In this last chapter, we consider, first, in Sect. 7.1, mainly the asymptotic derivation of the KZK equation of nonlinear acoustics, which...