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Development, Occurrence and Regulationof Antifouling Paint Biocides: Historical Review and Future Trends
Antifouling agents have been used on ships since the ancient Roman and Greek civilizations. A brief history is provided through to the demise of...
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Worldwide Occurrence of Organotins from Antifouling Paints and Effects in the Aquatic Environment
Organotins belong to the most toxic pollutants for aquatic life known so far. Widespread contamination of harbors and areas with high ship**...
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Antifouling Paint Booster Biocides: Occurrence and Partitioning in Water and Sediments
Following the ban on the use of tributyltin (TBT) in antifouling, several organic booster biocides have been used in conjunction with copper in...
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New Trends in Sample Preparation Methods for the Determination of Organotin Compounds in Marine Matrices
Tributyltin still remains a major issue for the marine environment and its determination is mandatory by legislation in several countries. As for...
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Present Status of Antifouling Systems in Japan: Tributyltin Substitutes in Japan
An international conference held by the International Maritime Organization in October 2001 adopted an “International convention on the control of...
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Neurosurgical Applications
The high precision of femtosecond laser ablation makes it an interesting tool for neurosurgical applications. The resection of arbitrary-shaped...
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Few-Cycle Pulses Directly from a Laser
Advances in ultrashort-pulse laser technology have led to the generation of few-cycle optical pulses directly from oscillators at high repetition...
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Ultrashort Pulse Thin-Disk Lasers and Amplifiers
This Chapter deals with the generation and the amplification of ultrashort pulses in mode-locked oscillators and multipass amplifiers based on the...
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Carrier–Envelope Phase Stabilization of Single and Multiple Femtosecond Lasers
The basic concepts, technical implementation, and known limitations of actively stabilizing the carrier–envelope phase of a few-cycle pulse train are...
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Monolithic Silicon Light Sources
Monolithic silicon light sources (LEDs and lasers) could have a significant impact when integrated on silicon chips. After a general introduction to...
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Ultrashort Pulse Lasers and Amplifiers Based on Nd:YVO4 and Yb:YAG Bulk Crystals
This Chapter focuses on the generation of ultrashort pulses and their amplification to high energies in Nd:YVO4 and Yb:YAG bulk crystals....
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Cutting of Diamond
For a number of years, diamond has been used as a material for cutting tools. Since conventional machining of diamond is difficult and expensive,...
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Ophthalmic Applications
Femtosecond photodisruption opens new pathways in refractive surgery due to its precise interaction mechanism with biological tissue. The quality of...
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Introduction to Femtosecond Technology
Femtosecond technology, with its ultrashort light pulses, is an innovative laser technology that can be used for multiple applications, e.g., in...
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Characterization of Ultrashort Optical Pulses in the Few-Cycle Regime Using Spectral Phase Interferometry for Direct Electric-Field Reconstruction
Interferometry provides a very sensitive and accurate means to measure the phase of an optical field. It has been applied with great effect in the...
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Subfemtosecond XUV Pulses: Attosecond Metrology and Spectroscopy
The generation of ever shorter pulses is a key to exploring the dynamic behavior of matter on ever shorter timescales. Recent developments have...
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Silicon Fundamentals for Photonics Applications
The many and diverse approaches to materials science problems have greatly enhanced our ability to engineer the physical properties of...
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Nonclassical Light from Single Semiconductor Quantum Dots
In this article the recent progress in the generation of nonclassical light using semiconductor quantum dots is reviewed. Photon antibunching and...
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Monolithic Silicon Microphotonics
The technology evolution of optical interconnection is driven by the distance × product required for a given link. As such optical fiber deployment...