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Sensory Evaluation of Indoor Air Pollution Sources
The basic biological principles of the perception mechanisms for odour and irritants are fairly well understood. Much more uncertain is how these...
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Indoor Particles, Combustion Products and Fibres
Pollutants in an indoor environment are a complex mixture of gases, vapours and particles in either the liquid or the solid phase, suspended in the...
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Synthetic Musks in House Dust
House dust is a sink and repository for semi-volatile organic compounds and particle bound organic matter. Although data are available on the...
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Synthetic Musks in Different Water Matrices
Nitro musks and polycyclic musks are used as synthetic musk compounds in almost all scented consumer products, such as perfumes, cosmetics, and...
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Superoxide Dismutases and Catalase
Superoxide dismutases (SODs) and catalase represent the primary enzymatic defense against reactive oxygen species. Both enzymes are present in...
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Protein Repair and Degradation
Protein oxidation is one of the important processes taking place during oxidative stress. Numerous amino acids can be modified within proteins...
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Synthetic Musks in the Aquatic System of Berlin as an Example for Urban Ecosystems
This chapter compiles some data on the occurrence and fate of synthetic musk compounds in the aquatic environment of Berlin, Germany. The city of...
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Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds from Products and Materials in Indoor Environments
Building products, furnishings and other indoor materials often emit volatile and semivolatile organic compounds (VOCs and SVOCs). With respect to a...
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Musk Fragrances and Environmental Fate Models – HHCB as an Example for Model Refinements
The theory of environmental fate and distribution models is briefly introduced. Afterwards, by means of the models laid down in the European Union...
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Synthetic Musks in Fish and Other Aquatic Organisms
Musk compounds are widely spread environmental pollutants. Musk compounds were found in aquatic organisms from the North Sea, in rivers, lakes and...
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Synthetic Musks in Ambient and Indoor Air
For the first time, the presence of synthetic musks is confirmed and investigated in air samples. New analytical methods are described developed for...
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Toxicology of Synthetic Musk Compounds in Man and Animals
Synthetic musk compounds (musk fragrances) are chemically heterogeneous compounds. The available toxicological data are incomplete. The NOAEL (No...
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Adsorption and Desorption of Pollutants to and from Indoor Surfaces
Adsorption and desorption of indoor air pollutants to and from indoor surfaces are important phenomena. Often called sink effects, these processes...
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Strategies for Healthy Indoor Environments – a Chinese View
The characteristics of indoor air pollution are reviewed. Three sources of indoor air pollution are of great importance for the health of people...
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DNA Repair: Mechanisms and Measurements
The early findings that significant amounts of modifications are induced to the cellular DNA both spontaneously and as a consequence of metabolism...
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Recent Studies Conducted by the Research Institute for Fragrance Materials (RIFM) in Support of the Environmental Risk Assessment Process
Although the environmental risk assessments for the nitro musks, musk ketone and musk xylene, and the polycyclic musks, AHTN and HHCB, showed that...
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Bioaccumulation and Ecotoxicity of Synthetic Musks in the Aquatic Environment
Due to the fact that both nitro and polycyclic musk fragrances and their metabolites are not readily biodegradable in most sewage treatment plants...
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Volatile Organic Compounds in Indoor Environments
This chapter provides an overview of the types, sources and current techniques for characterising volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in nonindustrial...
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Mitochondrial Free Radical Production, Antioxidant Defenses and Cell Signaling
Mitochondria were classically recognized as the organelles that produce the energy required to drive the endergonic processes of cell life, but now...
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The Nile Estuary
The River Nile, the most famous river of the ancient world, is the dominant geographic feature of northeastern Africa and the longest river on...