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Chemical Modifications of Biomolecules by Oxidants
There is strong evidence in support of the oxidation of biomolecules during normal physiology and under conditions of environmental or pathological...
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Acidophilic structure and killing mechanism of the Pichia farinosa killer toxin SMKT
SMKT, a killer toxin produced by a halotolerant yeast Pichia farinosa that consists of α and β subunits, is generated from a chromosomally encoded...
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Regulation of Cephalosporin Biosynthesis
The filamentous fungus Acremonium chrysogenum is the natural producer of the β-lactam antibiotic cephalosporin C and is as such used worldwide in...
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Zygocin – a monomeric protein toxin secreted by virus-infected Zygosaccharomyces bailii
Zygocin, a protein toxin secreted by virus-infected strains of the osmotolerant spoilage yeast Zygosaccharomyces bailii kills a broad spectrum of...
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Extreme Environments as a Resource for Microorganisms and Novel Biocatalysts
The steady increase in the number of newly isolated extremophilic microorganisms and the discovery of their enzymes by academic and industrial...
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Downstream Processing in Marine Biotechnology
Downstream processing is one of the most underestimated steps in bioprocesses and this is not only the case in marine biotechnology. However, it...
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Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Complex Marine Natural Products
Among nature's ecosystems, the marine environment has been an extremely rich source of structurally complex and biologically active molecules. This...
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Technical Application of Biological Principles in Asymmetric Catalysis
The production of enantiopure compounds is becoming increasingly important to the chemical and biotechnological industries. Bioorganic...
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Enzyme-Catalyzed Regio- and Enantioselective Ketone Reductions
In this chapter, examples are given of the application of highly reactive prochiral ketones as substrates for enzymatic reductions....
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ExoU: A cytotoxin delivered by the type III secretion system of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
ExoU is a potent cytotoxin that is injected into host cells by the type III secretion system of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It has recently been shown to...
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Anthrax toxin and genetic aspects regulating its expression
Anthrax toxin is a unique, tripartite bacterial toxin, capable of causing edema and lethality through binary combinations of protective antigen (PA)...
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DNA Repair: Mechanisms and Measurements
The early findings that significant amounts of modifications are induced to the cellular DNA both spontaneously and as a consequence of metabolism...
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Mitochondrial Free Radical Production, Antioxidant Defenses and Cell Signaling
Mitochondria were classically recognized as the organelles that produce the energy required to drive the endergonic processes of cell life, but now...
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Protein Repair and Degradation
Protein oxidation is one of the important processes taking place during oxidative stress. Numerous amino acids can be modified within proteins...
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Duplication of genes and genomes in yeasts
The molecular evolution of the group of yeasts closely related to Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been profoundly affected by an ancient polyploidy...
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Aquaculture of “Non-Food Organisms” for Natural Substance Production
Marine invertebrates are already sources of commercially important secondary metabolites and may become even more so as knowledge on marine...
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Biochemistry and General Genetics of Nonribosomal Peptide Synthetases in Fungi
Peptides like penicillin or cyclosporin are nonribosomally synthesised by large multifunctional enzymes. Peptide synthetase genes are coexpressed...
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Compartmentalization and Transport in β-Lactam Antibiotics Biosynthesis
Classical strain improvement of β-lactam producing organisms by random mutagenesis has been a powerful tool during the last century. Current insights...
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Kluyveromyces lactis zymocin and other plasmid-encoded yeast killer toxins
Supported by an endogenous killer plasmid DNA system that codes for an anti-proliferative zymocin toxin, the dairy yeast Kluyveromyces lactis has...
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Staphylococcal alpha-toxin
Staphylococcal alpha-toxin, archetype of an oligomerizing pore-forming toxin, is produced and secreted as a water-soluble 34 kD monomer. High...