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Production and Formulation of Adenovirus Vectors
Adenovirus vectors have attracted considerable interest over the past decade, with ongoing clinical development programs for applications ranging...
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Molecular Conjugates
Molecular conjugates are nanometer-sized entities consisting of synthetic materials (lipids, polycations, targeting agents, and so on) and nucleic...
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Lentiviral Vectors
We review the use of lentiviral vectors in current human gene therapy applications that involve genetic modification of nondividing tissues with...
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Plasmid Vaccines and Therapeutics: From Design to Applications
In the late 1980s, Vical and collaborators discovered that the injection into tissues of unformulated plasmid encoding various proteins resulted in...
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Adeno-associated Virus as a Gene Therapy Vector: Vector Development, Production and Clinical Applications
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) has emerged as an attractive vector for gene therapy. AAV vectors have successfully been utilized to promote...
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In Vitro Culture of Arabidopsis Embryos
Arabidopsis thaliana is currently the most important model organism for basic molecular plant research. It is also a favourable model for...
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Mode of Action of Plant Hormones and Plant Growth Regulators During Induction of Somatic Embryogenesis: Molecular Aspects
Plant hormones play critical roles in the establishment of somatic embryogenesis. During this process, somatic plant cells reverse their state of...
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Somatic Embryogenesis in Pinus nigra Arn.: Some Physiological, Structural and Molecular Aspects
In this chapter we summarize different aspects of Pinus nigra somatic embryogenesis including initiation, maintenance and maturation on both solid...
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Genome-Wide Expression Analysis of Genes Involved in Somatic Embryogenesis
Genome-wide expression analysis is an important tool for identifying and analysing genes involved in various biological processes, including cell...
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Toxaphene in the Great Lakes
Toxaphene is a major persistent organic contaminant in air, water and fish in the Great Lakes. The story of toxaphene in the Great Lakes, like that...
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Polychlorinated Naphthalenes in the Great Lakes
This review examines the sources and occurrence of polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) in the Great Lakes environment and summarizes current...
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Perfluorinated Compounds in the Great Lakes
Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAs) are released to the environment via their manufacturing processes, their use in commercial products, or indirectly via...
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Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans in the Great Lakes
The history of “dioxin”, PCDD/F, contamination in the Great Lakes is reviewed. Occurrence, geographical distribution, and temporal trends in air,...
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Somatic Embryogenesis in Chestnut
Somatic embryogenesis is an important biotechnological tool that demonstrates significant benefits when applied to forest tree species; clonal...
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Somatic Embryogenesis in Cryptomeria japonica D. Don: Gene for Phytosulfokine (PSK) Precursor
Genetic transformation requires a reproducible system for the regeneration of plants via somatic embryogenesis or organogenesis. We established...
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Molecular genetics of genotoxic stress signalling in plants
Cells are under constant threat by endogenous and exogenous factors affecting DNA integrity. In response, complex signalling networks are activated...
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Oxidative stress signalling
Oxidative stress arises from an imbalance in the generation and removal of reactive oxygen species (ROS) within cells. ROS are produced during...
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Superoxide Dismutases and Catalase
Superoxide dismutases (SODs) and catalase represent the primary enzymatic defense against reactive oxygen species. Both enzymes are present in...
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Protein Repair and Degradation
Protein oxidation is one of the important processes taking place during oxidative stress. Numerous amino acids can be modified within proteins...
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DNA Repair: Mechanisms and Measurements
The early findings that significant amounts of modifications are induced to the cellular DNA both spontaneously and as a consequence of metabolism...