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Plant responses to heat stress
The heat stress response is characterized by inhibition of normal transcription and translation, higher expression of heat shock proteins (hsps) and...
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Abscisic acid signalling
Signalling of abscisic acid (ABA) in plants is characterized by an amazing number of secondary messengers that are part of the pathway or modulate...
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Plant salt tolerance
Soil salinity adversely affects crop productivity and quality. The success of breeding programs aimed at salinity tolerant crop varieties is limited...
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The Broad Spectrum of Responses to Oxidative Stress in Proliferating Cells
Proliferating mammalian cells exhibit a broad spectrum of responses to oxidative stress, depending on the stress level encountered. Very low levels...
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Low Molecular Weight Antioxidants
Low molecular weight antioxidants are an important part of the antioxidative defense mechanisms of cells and organisms. This chapter gives a short...
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Environmental Oxidative Stress – Environmental Sources of ROS
Environmental factors are known sources for oxidative stress. In consequence of the numerous influences that define our environment, environmental...
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Endogenous Oxidant-Generating Systems
Although organisms respiring air oxygen use their energy sources in an optimal way they are threatened by the compulsory formation of reactive oxygen...
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Glutathione
Glutathione is the most abundant non-protein thiol in cells. It is a tripeptide with two important structural features: the thiol group and the...
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Modulation of Cellular Signaling Processes by Reactive Oxygen Species
Exposure of cells to reactive oxygen species (ROS) may result not only in cell death by excessive oxidation of biomolecules but also cause the...
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Comparison of Molecular Mechanisms of Somatic and Zygotic Embryogenesis
Somatic embryogenesis has been used as a model system to understand the mechanisms regulating plant embryogenesis. The morphological and...
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Persistent Organic Pollutants in the Great Lakes: An Overview
This chapter presents background information on the Great Lakes and summarizes the content of each chapter of this book.
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Importance of Cytoskeleton and Cell Wall in Somatic Embryogenesis
Both the cytoskeleton composed of microtubules and actin microfilaments as well as cell wall components such as arabinogalactan proteins and...
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Gametic Embryogenesis in Triticum: a Study of Some Critical Factors in Haploid (Microspore) Embryogenesis
This review of embryogenesis from microspores in two types of wheat examines the influences of various procedures used to induce and produce...
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Chemical Modifications of Biomolecules by Oxidants
There is strong evidence in support of the oxidation of biomolecules during normal physiology and under conditions of environmental or pathological...
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Molecular responses of higher plants to dehydration
A massive amount of data has been accumulating on the molecular responses of plants to water deficit. In plants, dehydration activates a protective...
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Heavy metal signalling in plants: linking cellular and organismic responses
Heavy metals are required in plants as essential micronutrients or act as toxic compounds. How do plants perceive heavy metals and which signalling...
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Introduction
Everywhere in the world, environmental stresses represent the most limiting factors for agricultural productivity. Besides plant-specific endogenous...
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Advanced Targeting Strategies for Murine Retroviral and Adeno-associated Viral Vectors
Targeted gene delivery involves broadening viral tropism to infect previously nonpermissive cells, replacing viral tropism to infect a target cell...
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Nonviral Delivery of Cancer Genetic Vaccines
The potential use of genetic vaccines to address numerous diseases including cancer is promising, but currently unrealized. Here, we review...