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The Broad Spectrum of Responses to Oxidative Stress in Proliferating Cells
Proliferating mammalian cells exhibit a broad spectrum of responses to oxidative stress, depending on the stress level encountered. Very low levels...
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Low Molecular Weight Antioxidants
Low molecular weight antioxidants are an important part of the antioxidative defense mechanisms of cells and organisms. This chapter gives a short...
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Environmental Oxidative Stress – Environmental Sources of ROS
Environmental factors are known sources for oxidative stress. In consequence of the numerous influences that define our environment, environmental...
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Endogenous Oxidant-Generating Systems
Although organisms respiring air oxygen use their energy sources in an optimal way they are threatened by the compulsory formation of reactive oxygen...
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Glutathione
Glutathione is the most abundant non-protein thiol in cells. It is a tripeptide with two important structural features: the thiol group and the...
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Modulation of Cellular Signaling Processes by Reactive Oxygen Species
Exposure of cells to reactive oxygen species (ROS) may result not only in cell death by excessive oxidation of biomolecules but also cause the...
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Chemical Modifications of Biomolecules by Oxidants
There is strong evidence in support of the oxidation of biomolecules during normal physiology and under conditions of environmental or pathological...
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DNA Repair: Mechanisms and Measurements
The early findings that significant amounts of modifications are induced to the cellular DNA both spontaneously and as a consequence of metabolism...
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Mitochondrial Free Radical Production, Antioxidant Defenses and Cell Signaling
Mitochondria were classically recognized as the organelles that produce the energy required to drive the endergonic processes of cell life, but now...
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Protein Repair and Degradation
Protein oxidation is one of the important processes taking place during oxidative stress. Numerous amino acids can be modified within proteins...
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Superoxide Dismutases and Catalase
Superoxide dismutases (SODs) and catalase represent the primary enzymatic defense against reactive oxygen species. Both enzymes are present in...
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SHR-A1811 (antibody-drug conjugate) in advanced HER2-mutant non-small cell lung cancer: a multicenter, open-label, phase 1/2 study
A dose-escalation and expansion, phase 1/2 study (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04818333) was conducted to assess the novel antibody-drug conjugate...
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The multifaceted role of PCSK9 in cancer pathogenesis, tumor immunity, and immunotherapy
Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), a well-known regulator of cholesterol metabolism and cardiovascular diseases, has recently...
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Panoramic tumor microenvironment in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is notorious for its resistance to various treatment modalities. The genetic heterogeneity of PDAC, coupled...
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ESF1 and MIPEP proteins promote estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer proliferation and are associated with patient prognosis
BackgroundEstrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer accounts for two-thirds of all breast cancers, and its early and late recurrences still...
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Pathologic characterization of precursors and cholangiocarcinoma referring to peribiliary capillary plexus: a new pathologic approach to bile duct neoplasm
The peribiliary capillary plexus (PCP) regularly and densely lines the basal side of the lining epithelia of normal bile ducts. To determine the...
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Therapeutic Effect of Melatonin on CCl4-Induced Fibrotic Liver Model by Modulating Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and TGF-β1 Signaling Pathway in Pinealectomized Rats
The study aimed to determine the CCl 4 -induced liver fibrosis model in pinealectomized rats and biochemically, immunohistochemically, and...
