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Introduction
The Caspian Sea, the largest enclosed basin on the planet, is distinguished by special natural conditions, contains rich natural resources... -
Pollution of the Caspian Sea
The pollution of Caspian Sea waters and bottom sediments was described on the basis of long-term monitoring data from 1978 to 2004. It was shown... -
Introduced Species
Five species of diatom algae, ten species of epiphyte-fouling algae, seven species of plankton invertebrates, 21 benthic organisms and three... -
Natural and Artificial Radioactivity in the Rhine and Its Tributaries
Presently, natural and artificial radioactivity in the Rhine River does not present a radiological hazard to the population. On the contrary, the... -
The Sacca di Goro Lagoon and an Arm of the Po River
The Po di Volano canal–Sacca di Goro lagoon is a small hydrographic system partially located in the southern part of the Po River Delta. The total... -
Brominated Flame Retardants in the Great Lakes
Brominated flame retardants in the Great Lakes have not been as well studied as many of the polychlorinated pollutants, especially PCBs, but in the... -
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Great Lakes
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are produced during the incomplete combustion of organic material. They can also be produced through... -
Early Warning Strategies and Practices Along the River Rhine
In 1986, the International Commission for the Protection of the Rhine (ICPR) installed a Warning and Alarm Plan (WAP) in order to avert the dangers... -
Economic and International Legal Dimensions
The Caspian Region has abundant hydrocarbon resources (oil and gas), as well as biological resources (fish), particularly the unique sturgeon,... -
Pharmaceuticals in the River Rhine
Pharmaceuticals are introduced into the River Rhine mainly via wastewater and can be detected almost permanently in mixed samples taken over the... -
Role of Particle Sorption Properties in the Behavior and Speciation of Trace Metals in Macrotidal Estuaries: The Cadmium Example
The role of particles in the fate and speciation of trace metals in macrotidal estuaries was studied using a surface complexation model (MOCO).... -
Kara-Bogaz-Gol Bay
Kara-Bogaz-Gol Bay is a large lagoon east of the Caspian Sea and normally covers an area around 18000 km2 and is only a few meters deep. It is... -
Pollutants as Byproducts and Degradation Products of Chemical Syntheses
Byproducts of industrial organic syntheses are emitted with the wastewater into the River Rhine; in many cases they are polar and poorly... -
Water Quality of Lake Constance
Lake Constance is used as a drinking water reservoir for about 5 million people. Because of its glacial origin from the Alps, the amount of... -
Conclusions
This conclusion completes one more review concerning the natural condition of the Caspian Sea and the principal trends of change in the second... -
Hydrology
The River Rhine is one of the major rivers of Europe -#8211; the only river that connects the Alps with the North Sea. It flows 1320 km from two... -
Natural Chemistry of Caspian Sea Waters
Principal features of the natural chemistry of Caspian Sea waters are assessed: the salt(ionic) composition, dissolved oxygen, active reaction... -
The Tail of Two Rivers in Tasmania: The Derwent and Huon Estuaries
The Derwent and Huon Rivers are two relatively small river systems in the southeast of Tasmania (Australia). They terminate in estuaries that are... -
Pesticides in the Great Lakes
Pesticides have been widely and heavily used in agriculture in the Great Lakes Basin (approximately 93000 tons were used in 1995 alone). Herbicides... -
Physico-Geographical Conditions of the Caspian Sea
The main physico-geographical features of the Caspian Sea are under consideration. They include brief description of the coasts, bottom relief and...