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On the Prebiotic Synthesis of Nucleobases, Nucleotides, Oligonucleotides, Pre-RNA and Pre-DNA Molecules
All the strategies for the prebiotic syntheses of RNA and DNA assume the adequate availability of the presumptive precursors such as purine and... -
Biologically Produced Sulfur
Sulfur compound oxidizing bacteria Sulfur compound oxidizing bacteria produce sulfur as an intermediate in the... -
Application of Evolutionary Algorithms to Global Cluster Geometry Optimization
This contribution focuses upon the application of evolutionary algorithms to the nondeterministic polynomial hard problem of global cluster geometry... -
Liquid Sulfur
The molecular composition as well as the physical properties (including spectra) of liquid sulfur Liquid Sulfur... -
Speciation and Thermodynamics of Sulfur Vapor
Sulfur vapor Sulfur vapor at temperatures of between 200 and 1000 °C consists of all molecules with 2–10 atoms, some... -
Prediction of Crystal Structures Using Evolutionary Algorithms and Related Techniques
Methods, evolutionary and systematic search approaches, and applications of crystal structure prediction of closest-packed and framework materials... -
From the Prebiotic Synthesis of α-Amino Acids Towards a Primitive Translation Apparatus for the Synthesis of Peptides
The demonstration that ribosomal peptide synthesis is a ribozyme-catalyzed reaction does not establish that amino acids and peptides have been... -
Solid Sulfur Allotropes
Sulfur is the element with the largest number of solid allotropes. Most of these consist of unbranched cyclic molecules with ring sizes ranging from... -
Chemistry and Physics of Primitive Membranes
A membrane boundary structure was essential for the advent of cellular life. The membranes of contemporary cells are composed of a mosaic of... -
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Aqueous Sulfur Sols
Sulfur Sulfur sols are colloidal colloidal solutions of elemental sulfur or of... -
Stochastic “Mirror Symmetry Breaking” via Self-Assembly, Reactivity and Amplification of Chirality: Relevance to Abiotic Conditions
Theories of prebiotic life suggest that homochirality emerged in Nature in abiotic times via deterministic or chance scenarios. This chapter deals... -
Applications of Evolutionary Computation in Structure Determination from Diffraction Data
Evolutionary algorithms are finding increasing use in the study of a wide range of different types of diffraction data. In this chapter, we review... -
Homoatomic Sulfur Cations
This chapter gives an account on the recent achievements in an understanding of the synthesis, solution behavior, structure and bonding of the... -
An Introduction to Evolutionary Computation and Evolutionary Algorithms
Numerous techniques exist in science for tackling large-scale optimisation problems. In many instances, scientists must identify the best solution... -
The Genetic Algorithm Approach to Protein Structure Prediction
Predicting the three-dimensional structure of proteins from their linear sequence is one of the major challenges in modern biology. It is widely... -
Applications of Evolutionary Computation in Drug Design
Evolutionary algorithms have been widely adopted for solving many of the complex tasks involved in drug design. Here, applications to two different... -
Evolutionary Potential and Requirements for Minimal Protocells
Minimal protocell concepts have high intellectual and practical value. Following chemoton theory, developed by Tibor Gánti in 1971, we suggest that... -
Glass working and recycling in Pompeii: new evidence from the landfill of the Sarno Baths (VIII 2, 17–23)
Forty-six glass finds, including vessel fragments, windows, one inlay and one indicator of production (moil) excavated in the dump of the Sarno Baths...
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Development and validation of extraction and clean-up procedures for UPLC-MS/MS analysis of aflatoxins in spices
UPLC-MS/MS analytical conditions for the analysis of aflatoxins in spices were optimized and validated in this study. Liquid-liquid partition-based...