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Redundancy in microbiota-mediated suppression of the soybean cyst nematode
BackgroundSoybean cyst nematodes (SCN) as animal parasites of plants are not usually interested in killing the host but are rather focused on...
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Targeting oncogene-induced cellular plasticity for tumor therapy
Cellular plasticity, the remarkable adaptability of cancer cells to survive under various stress conditions, is a fundamental hallmark that...
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Systems Biology: necessary developments and trends
At the end of this definition of Systems Biology through exampling, we discuss ambitions, goals, and challenges relating to this new discipline. We...
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S. cerevisiae K28 toxin – a secreted virus toxin of the A/B family of protein toxins
Since the initial discovery of toxin-secreting killer strains in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae more than 40 years ago, continuous research on...
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Cholera toxin: mechanisms of entry into host cells
Cholera toxin moves from the plasma membrane to the ER of host cells to cause disease. Trafficking in this pathway depends on toxin binding to...
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The Ustilago maydis killer toxins
Killer toxins are small proteins secreted by a number of fungi that are lethal to susceptible cells (generally fungi of the same or related species)....
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Diphtheria toxin, diphtheria-related fusion protein toxins, and the molecular mechanism of their action against eukaryotic cells
Diphtheria toxin remains one of the most successfully studied of the bacterial protein toxins. A detailed understanding of the structure function...
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Vertebrate Limb Regeneration
In this chapter, we have touched upon some of the key processes of vertebrate limb regeneration from the formation of the wound epithelium to pattern...
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Regenerative Capacity and the Develo** Immune System
Many components of the vertebrate immune system have evolved with dual, interrelated functions of both protecting injured tissues from infection and...
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Scientific and technical challenges for systems biology
Systems biology is an emergent discipline, yet can be rooted back almost a century when pioneering thoughts on system-oriented views were discussed....
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Regeneration of Articular Cartilage
Loss of articular cartilage from the ends of bones forming diarthrodial joints can be the source of profound pain and disability, and eventually lead...
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From isolation to integration, a systems biology approach for building the Silicon Cell
In the last decade, the field now commonly referred to as systems biology has developed rapidly. With the sequencing of whole genomes and the...
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Systems biology of apoptosis
New approaches are required for the mathematical modelling and system identification of complex signal transduction networks, which are characterized...
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Mammalian Fetal Organ Regeneration
The develo** fetus has the remarkable ability to heal dermal skin wounds by regenerating normal epidermis and dermis with restoration of the...
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Tissue Engineering Strategies for Bone Regeneration
Bone loss due to trauma or disease is an increasingly serious health problem. Current clinical treatments for critical-sized defects are problematic...
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Stem Cells in CNS and Cardiac Regeneration
The central nervous system (CNS) and the heart muscle regenerate poorly after injury, yet evidence is mounting that both harbor cells capable of...
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From Classical Connectionist Models to Probabilistic/Generalised Regression Neural Networks (PNNs/GRNNs)
This chapter begins by briefly summarising some of the well-known classical connectionist/artificial neural network models such as multi-layered...
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Linkage Learning Genetic Algorithm
In order to handle linkage evolution and to tackle the ordering problem, Harik [47] took Holland’s call [53] for the evolution of tight linkage quite...
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Preliminaries: Assumptions and the Test Problem
After introducing the background and motivation of the linkage learning genetic algorithm, we will start to improve and understand the linkage...
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Data Driven Fuzzy Modelling with Neural Networks
Extraction of models for complex systems from numerical data of behavior is studied. In particular, systems representable as sets of fuzzy if-then...