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5 Using Ecology to Quantify Organization in Fluid Flows
Numerous applications of variational principles derived from physical thermodynamics have been made to the description of development in living...
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3 Early Life on Earth and Analogies to Mars
One of the prime necessities of life is liquid water [87]. The presence of liquid water on a planet therefore naturally leads to the question of...
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11 Impact Craters, Water and Microbial Life
Because of the lack of recent plate tectonics, the surface of Mars has abundant, well-preserved impact structures. Impact structures can localize...
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4 Hydrated Minerals on Mars
Hydrated minerals on Mars provide information about the aqueous history of the planet, which is an integral aspect of whether or not Mars was...
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1 The Origins of Martian Water: What We Can Learn from Meteorites
In 1877 telescopic observations of apparent lines on the Martian surface were interpreted by Giovanni Schiaparelli as resembling channels. Others,...
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Introduction
According to Ernst Haeckel, any detailed hypothesis whatever concerning the origin of life must, as yet, be considered worthless, because up till now...
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The Origin of Cell Boundaries and Metabolism
The wide gap between the properties of non-living phenomena and the simplest living forms cannot be explained without some intermediate stages...
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B Chronology of Definitions and Interpretations of Life
There are a large number of definitions and interpretations of life. The definitions presented here only serve a general bibliographic purpose as no...
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C Dictionary
Absolute life criteria. Traits that are present in all living systems (Szathmáry 2002) (see Potential life criteria).
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The Origin of Handedness
Some physical realities such as fluid vortices, certain molecular architectures, circularly polarized electromagnetic waves, screws and some...
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A Models and Theories of Life
A variety of numerical and chemical models have been proposed as analogies and simulators of the evolution and functioning of early life. Because...
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The Purpose-Like Nature of Life
According to Jeffrey Tze-Fei Wong (2002): A living system is one capable of...
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The Origin of Early Specificity.The Order, Complexity and Diversity of Life
One of the key assets of life is its ability to maintain a low level of internal entropy while avoiding reaching minimal levels of it. Understanding...
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Friends and foes: competition experiments reveal growth facilitation and interference between cyanobacteria and diatom strains in microbial mats
Community dynamics within microbial mat assemblages are complex, likely involving intricate metabolic linkages. Interactions between microbes shape...
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Changes in benthic communities in Blagopoluchiya Bay (Novaya Zemlya, Kara Sea): the influence of the snow crab
Until recently, the Kara Sea was a stable ecosystem unaffected by alien species invasions. However, at the beginning of the twenty-first century, the...
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Long sediment-laden algal turf likely impairs coral recovery on Florida’s coral reefs
Coral reefs in the Florida Reef Tract have seen protracted loss of coral over the past several decades due to a variety of disturbances from marine...
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Efficacy of the dietary Malva parviflora leaves in modulating immune-antioxidant functions, resistance to Candida albicans and Streptococcus agalactiae infection, digestive/absorptive capacity, and growth of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Recently, the intervention of herbal plants in the fish diet has drawn a lot of interest due to their unique nutritional value and pharmacological...
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Effects of warm oceanographic anomalies on the foraging variability of northern elephant seals
Evaluation of stable carbon (δ 13 C) and nitrogen (δ 15 N) isotopes in marine organisms over time addresses how environmental variability (e.g., El...
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Rushing and spawning behavior of the Kidako moray Gymnothorax kidako
This study investigated the reproductive behavior of the Kidako moray Gymnothorax kidako in Tateyama, Chiba, Japan and Enoshima Aquarium. Field...
