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Nanostructured Devices Based on Block Copolymer Assemblies for Drug Delivery: Designing Structures for Enhanced Drug Function
Block copolymers spontaneously assemble into nanoscaled polymeric micelles, which have significant potential as drug carriers. Following much work...
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Virtual Reality in Healthcare
In our modern 21st century, daily life would be unthinkable without computers. Multimedia and virtual reality are useful for people with special...
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Access to Information on Demand by the aid of Digital Talking Books
This chapter addresses the concept and the fundamental ideas of the digital talking book (DTB), with a particular focus on DTBs in the DAISY format....
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Impedimetric Detection of DNA Hybridization: Towards Near-Patient DNA Diagnostics
Immobilization strategies for the attachment of nucleotide probes to both microarrays and microfabricated interdigitated electrodes differ to...
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2. Definition of Life
The definition of life is a long-standing debate with no general scientific consensus to be expected any time soon. The underlying problem is that...
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4. Energy Sources and Life
An external energy source is a necessary condition for life, because living systems require a flow of energy to organize materials and maintain a low...
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5. Building Blocks of Life
Life is based on complex chemistry yet only a few of all the available elements participate in most life-supporting reactions on Earth: carbon,...
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Immobilization of DNA on Microarrays
Microarrays are new analytical devices that allow the parallel and simultaneous detection of thousands of target compounds. Microarrays, also...
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Immobilization of Nucleic Acids Using Biotin-Strept(avidin) Systems
There are several advantages for using biotin-streptavidin/avidin (strept(avi-din)) systems to immobilize nucleic acids and other molecules. These...
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Immobilization of Oligonucleotides for Biochemical Sensing by Self-Assembled Monolayers: Thiol-Organic Bonding on Gold and Silanization on Silica Surfaces
The covalent immobilization of biomolecules on surfaces is of great interest for many medical and bioanalytical applications. Currently, there is...
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12 Baker’s Yeast: a rising foundation for eukaryotic sphingolipid-mediated cell signaling
Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been an invaluable tool for the dissection of sphingolipid metabolic pathways and cloning of enzymes involved in...
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1 Phospholipid synthesis in mammalian cells
Phospholipids are the main components of biological membranes and as such act as the major permeability barrier between cells and the extracellular...
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2 Phospholipid synthesis and dynamics in plant cells
Phospholipids represent the second family of lipids after the galactolipids in photosynthetic tissues and the first in non-photosynthetic tissues....
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Modeling Calcium Waves
We present an introduction to the mathematics of calcium waves, both intracellular and intercellular. After a discussion of the earlier models I...
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Regulation of IP 3 Receptors by IP 3 and Ca 2+
Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate ( IP 3) receptors are intracellular Ca 2+ channels that mediate release of Ca 2+ from intracellular stores. The channels...
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Hormone-Mediated Intercellular Calcium Signalling in an Insect Salivary Gland – Pathways and Mechanisms
The salivary glands of the blowfly Calliphora vicina are a favourable preparation for investigations into spatio-temporal Ca 2+ dynamics in an intact...
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From Simple to Complex Ca 2+ Oscillations: Regulatory Mechanisms and Theoretical Models
Intracellular Ca 2+ oscillations most often appear as regular spikes. However, complex Ca 2+ oscillations in the form of bursting or chaos have also...
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11 Plant sphingolipids
Plants contain a multiplicity of sphingolipid metabolites, such as long-chain bases, long-chain base phosphates, ceramides, glycosylceramides,...
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5 Sterol metabolism and functions in higher plants
Higher plants synthesize a bewildering array of sterols, with sitosterol, stigmasterol, and 24-methylcholesterol as major compounds. All plant...