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  1. The clinical value of artificial intelligence in assisting junior radiologists in thyroid ultrasound: a multicenter prospective study from real clinical practice

    Background

    This study is to propose a clinically applicable 2-echelon (2e) diagnostic criteria for the analysis of thyroid nodules such that low-risk...

    Dong Xu, Lin Sui, ... Li** Wang in BMC Medicine
    Article Open access 12 July 2024

  2. Duo photoprotective effect via silica-coated zinc oxide nanoparticles and Vitamin C nanovesicles composites

    Objective

    Zinc Oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are used widely in nowadays personal care products, especially sunscreens, as a protector against UV...

    Soha M. Kandil, Heba M. Diab, ... Ebtsam M. Abdou in Pharmaceutical Research
    Article Open access 12 July 2024

  3. PEGylation of Proteins as Tailored Chemistry for Optimized Bioconjugates

    The high potential of peptides and proteins as therapeutic agents has not been fully exploited because of their common shortcomings: the only...
    Gianfranco Pasut, Francesco M. Veronese in Polymer Therapeutics I
    Chapter

  4. Polymer Therapeutics for Cancer: Current Status and Future Challenges

    Drug delivery systems for cancer therapeutics have revolutionized medicine. Delivery systems have improved the efficacy and reduced the toxicity of...
    Ronit Satchi-Fainaro, Ruth Duncan, Carmen M. Barnes in Polymer Therapeutics II
    Chapter

  5. Enzymatic Polymerization to Polysaccharides

    Polysaccharides are formed by repeated glycosylations between a sugar donor and a sugar acceptor. This chapter reviews the in vitro synthesis of...
    Shiro Kobayashi, Masashi Ohmae in Enzyme-Catalyzed Synthesis of Polymers
    Chapter

  6. Polymer Therapeutics: Polymers as Drugs, Drug and Protein Conjugates and Gene Delivery Systems: Past, Present and Future Opportunities

    As the 21st century begins we are witnessing a paradigm shift in medical practice. Whereas the use of polymers in biomedical materials applications...
    Ruth Duncan, Helmut Ringsdorf, Ronit Satchi-Fainaro in Polymer Therapeutics I
    Chapter

  7. Polypeptide and Polypeptide Hybrid Copolymer Synthesis via NCA Polymerization

    This article summarizes recent developments in the synthesis of polypeptides and hybrid peptide copolymers. Traditional methods used to polymerize...
    Timothy J. Deming in Peptide Hybrid Polymers
    Chapter

  8. Gene Delivery Using Polymer Therapeutics

    The use of polymers as synthetic non-viral carriers for introducing nucleic acids into cells appears very appealing. Polymers can be generated in...
    Ernst Wagner, Julia Kloeckner in Polymer Therapeutics I
    Chapter

  9. Synthesis of Phenol Polymers Using Peroxidases

    This chapter deals with the peroxidase-catalyzed polymerization of phenol and its derivatives. Such a polymerization needs an oxidation reagent,...
    Matthias Reihmann, Helmut Ritter in Enzyme-Catalyzed Synthesis of Polymers
    Chapter

  10. Solution Properties of Polypeptide-based Copolymers

    The aggregation behaviour of biomimetic polypeptide hybrid copolymers and copolypeptides is here reviewed with a particular eye on the occurrence...
    Helmut Schlaad in Peptide Hybrid Polymers
    Chapter

  11. Nanostructured Devices Based on Block Copolymer Assemblies for Drug Delivery: Designing Structures for Enhanced Drug Function

    Block copolymers spontaneously assemble into nanoscaled polymeric micelles, which have significant potential as drug carriers. Following much work...
    Nobuhiro Nishiyama, Kazunori Kataoka in Polymer Therapeutics II
    Chapter

  12. Impedimetric Detection of DNA Hybridization: Towards Near-Patient DNA Diagnostics

    Immobilization strategies for the attachment of nucleotide probes to both microarrays and microfabricated interdigitated electrodes differ to...
    Anthony Guiseppi-Elie, Louise Lingerfelt in Immobilisation of DNA on Chips I
    Chapter

  13. Introduction

    Genetic algorithms (GAs) are powerful search techniques based on principles of evolution. They are now widely applied to solve problems in many...
    Ying-** Chen in Extending the Scalability of Linkage Learning Genetic Algorithms
    Chapter

  14. Linkage Learning Genetic Algorithm

    In order to handle linkage evolution and to tackle the ordering problem, Harik [47] took Holland’s call [53] for the evolution of tight linkage quite...
    Ying-** Chen in Extending the Scalability of Linkage Learning Genetic Algorithms
    Chapter

  15. Preliminaries: Assumptions and the Test Problem

    After introducing the background and motivation of the linkage learning genetic algorithm, we will start to improve and understand the linkage...
    Ying-** Chen in Extending the Scalability of Linkage Learning Genetic Algorithms
    Chapter

  17. Content Based Image Compression in Biomedical High-Throughput Screening Using Artificial Neural Networks

    Biomedical High-Throughput Screening (HTS) requires specific properties of image compression. Particularly especially when archiving a huge number of...
    Udo Seiffert in Bioinformatics Using Computational Intelligence Paradigms
    Chapter

  18. 2. Definition of Life

    The definition of life is a long-standing debate with no general scientific consensus to be expected any time soon. The underlying problem is that...
    Schulze-Makuch Dirk, Louis N. Irwin in Life in the Universe
    Chapter

  19. 4. Energy Sources and Life

    An external energy source is a necessary condition for life, because living systems require a flow of energy to organize materials and maintain a low...
    Schulze-Makuch Dirk, Louis N. Irwin in Life in the Universe
    Chapter

  20. 5. Building Blocks of Life

    Life is based on complex chemistry yet only a few of all the available elements participate in most life-supporting reactions on Earth: carbon,...
    Schulze-Makuch Dirk, Louis N. Irwin in Life in the Universe
    Chapter
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