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Aircraft Cabin Air Quality Trends Relative to Ground Level Standards
Aircraft cabin air quality has attracted much attention, summarized recently by a detailed examination and commentary by a U.S. National Academy of...
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Disruptive Behaviour (“Air Rage”): Possible Aetiology
The incidence of disruptive behaviour by passengers in civil aircraft is unknown due to under-reporting. The theoretical pathophysiology is...
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Human Physical Stresses at Normal and Abnormal Cabin Pressures
Atmospheric pressure is reduced as a function of altitude, thus making hypoxia, the condition of oxygen deficiency, a concern for aviation. The...
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Occupational and Public Health Risks
Symptoms reported by passengers and crewmembers on commercial aircraft are described according to individual air quality-related sources,...
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Biotic and Abiotic Transformation Pathways of Synthetic Musks in the Aquatic Environment
Synthetic musks are being transformed to intermediates or relatively stable metabolites that may exhibit a strong potential for environmental harm....
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Risk Evaluation of Dietary and Dermal Exposure to Musk Fragrances
Synthetic musk compounds comprising nitro musks, polycyclic musks and macrocyclic musks are used in fragrances which are added to a variety of...
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Synthetic Musks in Bioindicators: Monitoring Data of Fish and Human Milk Samples from the Czech Republic
Until the middle of the 1990s, no attention was paid to the pollution of the environment in Czech Republic by synthetic musk fragrances and to the...
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Synthetic Musks in Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM), Sediment, and Sewage Sludge
Nitro musk and polycyclic musk fragrances accumulate in solid matters of the aquatic environment. They are analyzed by extraction with an organic...
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Enantioselective Analysis of Polycyclic Musks as a Versatile Tool for the Understanding of Environmental Processes
In this chapter the application of enantioselective chromatography to process studies related to the microbial, enzymatic and photochemical...
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Biomass Smoke and Health Risks – The Situation in Develo** Countries
About half of the world’s population relies on traditional fuels such as biomass (wood, agricultural residues, animal dung and charcoal) as the...
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Indoor Air Pollution by Microorganisms and Their Metabolites
Microbial damage in indoor areas is caused most frequently by molds and bacteria. These microorganisms have a very important role in the...
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Sources and Impacts of Pesticides in Indoor Environments
Indoor contamination is one source of exposure to toxic pollutants and has been classified as a high environmental risk. Epidemiological research...
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Intercontinental Transport of Air Pollution: An Introduction
This chapter introduces the reader to the topic of intercontinental air pollution transport. It starts by describing how air pollution problems...
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Long Range Transport of Air Pollution to the Arctic
Transport of air pollution to the Arctic is reviewed with emphasis on what has been measured. General atmospheric circulation patterns especially...
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Prospects for International Management of Intercontinental Air Pollution Transport
The recognition of the intercontinental transport of air pollution continues a historic trend towards greater awareness and management of air...
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Numerical Modelling of Long-Range Pollution Transport
A quantitative understanding of long-range transport of air pollution involves several aspects from different science areas: emissions of ozone...
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Airplanes and Infectious Disease
Air travel is associated with crowded conditions that can facilitate the transmission of airborne infectious diseases. The risk of contracting...
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Crew Effects from Toxic Exposures on Aircraft
The cabin of an airplane is a specialised working environment and should be considered as such. The oils and hydraulics used in airplane engines...
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Air Quality Systems for Related Enclosed Spaces: Spacecraft Air
Air quality in the small, closed environment of a spacecraft cabin is always a critical matter for the safety, health, and comfort of the crew. The...
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Aircraft Air Quality Malfunction Incidents: Design, Servicing, and Policy Measures to Decrease Frequency and Severity of Toxic Events
Aircraft air supply contamination from leaking oil and hydraulic fluids has a long history in commercial aviation. There is a wide range of...