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Aircraft Air Quality Malfunction Incidents: Causation, Regulatory, Reporting and Rates
The issue of aircraft air contamination due to oils and hydraulic fluids leaking into the aircraft air supply is a known problem in the aviation...
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Simultaneous Biodegradation of Linear Alkylbenzensulfonate in Anaerobic Reactors, in Two Stages
Surfactants are organic compounds capable of altering the surface or interfacial tension of a system; they alter the hormonal system of aquatic...
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Automobile, Bus, and Rail Passenger Air Quality
Concentrations of pollutants emitted in the exhaust of gasoline and diesel engines and from evaporation of fuels -- (e.g. CO, CO2, NO...
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Microbial Contamination in Airplane Cabins:Health Effects and Remediation
Microorganisms that affect human health are found in all indoor environments, including cabins of commercial aircraft. Those that arise from human...
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Musk Fragrances and Environmental Fate Models – HHCB as an Example for Model Refinements
The theory of environmental fate and distribution models is briefly introduced. Afterwards, by means of the models laid down in the European Union...
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Recent Studies Conducted by the Research Institute for Fragrance Materials (RIFM) in Support of the Environmental Risk Assessment Process
Although the environmental risk assessments for the nitro musks, musk ketone and musk xylene, and the polycyclic musks, AHTN and HHCB, showed that...
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Intercontinental Transport of Trace Substances from Boreal Forest Fires
Forest fire emissions have strong impact on the composition of trace gases and aerosols in the atmosphere. They are not only a local disturbance...
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Intercontinental Transport of Dust: Historical and Recent Observational Evidence
The scientific examination of the intercontinental dust transport has a long history, a vigorous present, and a promising future. Unlike the study of...
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Volatile Organic Compounds in Indoor Environments
This chapter provides an overview of the types, sources and current techniques for characterising volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in nonindustrial...
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Synthetic Musks in Ambient and Indoor Air
For the first time, the presence of synthetic musks is confirmed and investigated in air samples. New analytical methods are described developed for...
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Adsorption and Desorption of Pollutants to and from Indoor Surfaces
Adsorption and desorption of indoor air pollutants to and from indoor surfaces are important phenomena. Often called sink effects, these processes...
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Strategies for Healthy Indoor Environments – a Chinese View
The characteristics of indoor air pollution are reviewed. Three sources of indoor air pollution are of great importance for the health of people...
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Submarine Atmospheres
Atmosphere control in submarines has developed to meet the operational requirements. Until the end of WWII submarines were primarily...
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Aircraft Cabin Indoor Air Environment Requirements
The purpose of heating or cooling systems is to provide an acceptable microclimate and maintain suitable conditions for the intended use of the...
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Aircraft Cabin Air Filtration and Related Technologies:Requirements, Present Practice and Prospects
Aircraft cabin air being supplied from the engines or APU is known to occasionally be contaminated with hydraulic fluids, engine oils, and...
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Indoor Air Quality on Passenger Ships
Generally, shipboard air quality problems are not severe in comparison to those in many homes and offices. However, a number of problems have been...
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Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds from Products and Materials in Indoor Environments
Building products, furnishings and other indoor materials often emit volatile and semivolatile organic compounds (VOCs and SVOCs). With respect to a...
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Synthetic Musks in the Aquatic System of Berlin as an Example for Urban Ecosystems
This chapter compiles some data on the occurrence and fate of synthetic musk compounds in the aquatic environment of Berlin, Germany. The city of...
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Toxicology of Synthetic Musk Compounds in Man and Animals
Synthetic musk compounds (musk fragrances) are chemically heterogeneous compounds. The available toxicological data are incomplete. The NOAEL (No...
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Bioaccumulation and Ecotoxicity of Synthetic Musks in the Aquatic Environment
Due to the fact that both nitro and polycyclic musk fragrances and their metabolites are not readily biodegradable in most sewage treatment plants...