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Human Physical Stresses at Normal and Abnormal Cabin Pressures
Atmospheric pressure is reduced as a function of altitude, thus making hypoxia, the condition of oxygen deficiency, a concern for aviation. The...
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Occupational and Public Health Risks
Symptoms reported by passengers and crewmembers on commercial aircraft are described according to individual air quality-related sources,...
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Synthetic Musks in Bioindicators: Monitoring Data of Fish and Human Milk Samples from the Czech Republic
Until the middle of the 1990s, no attention was paid to the pollution of the environment in Czech Republic by synthetic musk fragrances and to the...
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Biomass Smoke and Health Risks – The Situation in Develo** Countries
About half of the world’s population relies on traditional fuels such as biomass (wood, agricultural residues, animal dung and charcoal) as the...
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Indoor Air Pollution by Microorganisms and Their Metabolites
Microbial damage in indoor areas is caused most frequently by molds and bacteria. These microorganisms have a very important role in the...
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Enantioselective Analysis of Polycyclic Musks as a Versatile Tool for the Understanding of Environmental Processes
In this chapter the application of enantioselective chromatography to process studies related to the microbial, enzymatic and photochemical...
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Synthetic Musks in Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM), Sediment, and Sewage Sludge
Nitro musk and polycyclic musk fragrances accumulate in solid matters of the aquatic environment. They are analyzed by extraction with an organic...
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Prospects for International Management of Intercontinental Air Pollution Transport
The recognition of the intercontinental transport of air pollution continues a historic trend towards greater awareness and management of air...
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Sources and Impacts of Pesticides in Indoor Environments
Indoor contamination is one source of exposure to toxic pollutants and has been classified as a high environmental risk. Epidemiological research...
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Aircraft Cabin Air Quality Trends Relative to Ground Level Standards
Aircraft cabin air quality has attracted much attention, summarized recently by a detailed examination and commentary by a U.S. National Academy of...
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Risk Evaluation of Dietary and Dermal Exposure to Musk Fragrances
Synthetic musk compounds comprising nitro musks, polycyclic musks and macrocyclic musks are used in fragrances which are added to a variety of...
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Numerical Modelling of Long-Range Pollution Transport
A quantitative understanding of long-range transport of air pollution involves several aspects from different science areas: emissions of ozone...
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Intercontinental Transport of Air Pollution: An Introduction
This chapter introduces the reader to the topic of intercontinental air pollution transport. It starts by describing how air pollution problems...
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Long Range Transport of Air Pollution to the Arctic
Transport of air pollution to the Arctic is reviewed with emphasis on what has been measured. General atmospheric circulation patterns especially...
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Disruptive Behaviour (“Air Rage”): Possible Aetiology
The incidence of disruptive behaviour by passengers in civil aircraft is unknown due to under-reporting. The theoretical pathophysiology is...
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Biotic and Abiotic Transformation Pathways of Synthetic Musks in the Aquatic Environment
Synthetic musks are being transformed to intermediates or relatively stable metabolites that may exhibit a strong potential for environmental harm....
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Aircraft Environmental Control Systems
The external environment at 41000 ft (12500 m), a typical cruise altitude for modern civil aircraft, is hostile to human life. Aircraft...
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Aircraft Air Quality Malfunction Incidents: Design, Servicing, and Policy Measures to Decrease Frequency and Severity of Toxic Events
Aircraft air supply contamination from leaking oil and hydraulic fluids has a long history in commercial aviation. There is a wide range of...
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Insecticide Use in Occupied Areas of Aircraft
Insecticides are applied in the aircraft cabin for four key reasons: (1) to comply with foreign quarantine regulations applicable to certain...
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Air Travel and Thrombosis
A deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is essentially the formation of a clot in the veins of the leg. This causes obstruction to the normal flow of blood...