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Biomass Smoke and Health Risks – The Situation in Develo** Countries
About half of the world’s population relies on traditional fuels such as biomass (wood, agricultural residues, animal dung and charcoal) as the...
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Indoor Air Pollution by Microorganisms and Their Metabolites
Microbial damage in indoor areas is caused most frequently by molds and bacteria. These microorganisms have a very important role in the...
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Sources and Impacts of Pesticides in Indoor Environments
Indoor contamination is one source of exposure to toxic pollutants and has been classified as a high environmental risk. Epidemiological research...
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Intercontinental Transport of Air Pollution: An Introduction
This chapter introduces the reader to the topic of intercontinental air pollution transport. It starts by describing how air pollution problems...
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Long Range Transport of Air Pollution to the Arctic
Transport of air pollution to the Arctic is reviewed with emphasis on what has been measured. General atmospheric circulation patterns especially...
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Prospects for International Management of Intercontinental Air Pollution Transport
The recognition of the intercontinental transport of air pollution continues a historic trend towards greater awareness and management of air...
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Numerical Modelling of Long-Range Pollution Transport
A quantitative understanding of long-range transport of air pollution involves several aspects from different science areas: emissions of ozone...
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Thermohaline Structure and General Circulation of the Caspian Sea Waters
The results of statistical and physical analysis of historical ship (more then 56 000 stations) and coastal temperature data and salinity...
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Biological Features and Resources
The Caspian Sea is of enormous importance, because of its extremely valuable fish resources. Thousands of tons of kilka, roach, bream, herring,...
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Environmental Issues of the Caspian
Environmental problems in the Caspian and its coastal zone shaped, and reflect the consequences of, the historical and economic development of the...
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Persistent Organic Pollutants in the Great Lakes: An Overview
This chapter presents background information on the Great Lakes and summarizes the content of each chapter of this book.
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Occurrence, Fate and Relevance of Aminopolycarboxylate Chelating Agents in the Rhine Basin, Germany
Aminopolycarboxylates are used in many products and industrial applications because of their ability to form stable complexes with metal ions. The...
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Analysis, Occurrence, and Fate of Aromatic Sulfonates in the Rhine and Its Tributaries
An overview is given of the occurrence of aromatic sulfonates in the Rhine river and its tributaries. Since 1990, 25 different monomeric sulfonates...
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Patterns of Seasonal and Interannual Variability of Remotely Sensed Chlorophyll
Seasonal and interannual variability of chlorophyll dynamics in the Caspian Sea remotely sensed by the Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor...
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The São Francisco Estuary, Brazil
This is a first account of the physical and biogeochemical characteristics of the tropical São Francisco (SF) estuarine system, East Brazil,...
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The Development of Water Protection Requirements from the Point of View of Waterworks, with Emphasis on 30 Years of the Memorandum of the International Association of Waterworks in the River Rhine Catchment Area (IAWR)
The International Association of Waterworks in the River Rhine Catchment Area (IAWR) defined water protection requirements for surface water that...
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Aircraft Environmental Control Systems
The external environment at 41000 ft (12500 m), a typical cruise altitude for modern civil aircraft, is hostile to human life. Aircraft...
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Aircraft Air Quality Malfunction Incidents: Design, Servicing, and Policy Measures to Decrease Frequency and Severity of Toxic Events
Aircraft air supply contamination from leaking oil and hydraulic fluids has a long history in commercial aviation. There is a wide range of...
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Insecticide Use in Occupied Areas of Aircraft
Insecticides are applied in the aircraft cabin for four key reasons: (1) to comply with foreign quarantine regulations applicable to certain...
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Air Travel and Thrombosis
A deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is essentially the formation of a clot in the veins of the leg. This causes obstruction to the normal flow of blood...