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Some Aspects of Low-Mach-Number External Flows
In this chapter, we consider first, in Sect. 4.1, a detailed derivation of the Navier–Fourier initial–boundary–value problem for the Navier velocity...
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Aerothermodynamics, Nonlinear Acoustics and the Meteorological Equations
The study of low-Mach-number flows occurs in the general context of asymptotic modelling of fluid flows, and in a recent book (Zeytounian 2004, Chap....
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12 Entropy Production in the Planetary Context
In this paper I review some applications of nonequilibrium thermodynamics to planetary science. Of particular importance are the horizontal and...
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10 Thermodynamics of the Ocean Circulation: A Global Perspective on the Ocean System and Living Systems
In this chapter, we investigate thermodynamics in a global-scale open ocean circulation and discuss the physical properties of “living systems”, that...
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16 Temperature, Biogenesis, and Biospheric Self-Organization
We argue that the biosphere has evolved deterministically as a selforganized system, given the initial conditions of the Sun-Earth system. With...
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8 Entropy Production of Atmospheric Heat Transport
We examine the rate of entropy produced by the atmospheric general circulation and the hypothesis that it adjusts itself towards a macroscopic state...
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18 Insights from Thermodynamics for the Analysis of Economic Processes
The laws of thermodynamics constrain transformation of materials and energy, and thus have implications for economic processes. This paper provides...
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1 Entropy Production by Earth System Processes
Degradation of energy to lower temperatures and the associated production of entropy is a general direction for Earth system processes, ranging from...
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15 Coupled Evolution of Earth’s Atmosphere and Biosphere
Earth’s climate has remained conducive to life for more than 3.5 billion years, probably because of higher concentrations of CO2 and CH4 greenhouse...
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Aircraft Cabin Air Quality Trends Relative to Ground Level Standards
Aircraft cabin air quality has attracted much attention, summarized recently by a detailed examination and commentary by a U.S. National Academy of...
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Numerical Modelling of Long-Range Pollution Transport
A quantitative understanding of long-range transport of air pollution involves several aspects from different science areas: emissions of ozone...
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Long Range Transport of Air Pollution to the Arctic
Transport of air pollution to the Arctic is reviewed with emphasis on what has been measured. General atmospheric circulation patterns especially...
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Biomass Smoke and Health Risks – The Situation in Develo** Countries
About half of the world’s population relies on traditional fuels such as biomass (wood, agricultural residues, animal dung and charcoal) as the...
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Indoor Air Pollution by Microorganisms and Their Metabolites
Microbial damage in indoor areas is caused most frequently by molds and bacteria. These microorganisms have a very important role in the...
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Disruptive Behaviour (“Air Rage”): Possible Aetiology
The incidence of disruptive behaviour by passengers in civil aircraft is unknown due to under-reporting. The theoretical pathophysiology is...
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Human Physical Stresses at Normal and Abnormal Cabin Pressures
Atmospheric pressure is reduced as a function of altitude, thus making hypoxia, the condition of oxygen deficiency, a concern for aviation. The...
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Intercontinental Transport of Air Pollution: An Introduction
This chapter introduces the reader to the topic of intercontinental air pollution transport. It starts by describing how air pollution problems...
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Sources and Impacts of Pesticides in Indoor Environments
Indoor contamination is one source of exposure to toxic pollutants and has been classified as a high environmental risk. Epidemiological research...
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Occupational and Public Health Risks
Symptoms reported by passengers and crewmembers on commercial aircraft are described according to individual air quality-related sources,...
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Prospects for International Management of Intercontinental Air Pollution Transport
The recognition of the intercontinental transport of air pollution continues a historic trend towards greater awareness and management of air...