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Magnetic Fields in Galaxies
Magnetic fields are a major agent in the interstellar medium. They contribute significantly to the total pressure which balances the gas disk against...
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Magnetic Fields in Galaxy Systems, Clusters and Beyond
The discovery of significant magnetic fields beyond our Milky Way was unwittingly made in the early 1950’s when new “discrete” cosmic radio sources...
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Stellar Magnetic Fields
Stellar magnetic fields are directly detected or inferred across the whole Hertzsprung--Russell Diagram. Attention in this chapter is concentrated on...
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Magnetic Fields in Diffuse HI and Molecular Clouds
The diffuse interstellar HI is the matrix within which many molecular clouds reside and the medium that soaks up the energy injected by sources such...
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Magnetic Fields in the Early Universe
A substantial magnetic field could conceivably have been generated in the ultra-early Universe. However, the relevant physics at those eras is very...
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Searching the Trans-Neptunian Region
The Edgeworth-Kuiper-Belt is considered to be the remnant of the formation disk of the planetary system around the Sun. For about 8 years the...
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Inflation
The optimistic picture for the explanation of the baryon-antibaryon asymmetry that we apparently obtain with grand unified theories has one serious...
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Standard Synthesis
One of the two most important observations that indicate a hot past of the universe is the universal distribution of helium and deuterium. Deuterium,...
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1 An Introduction to the Physics of the Early Universe
We present an elementary introduction to the Early Universe. The basic features of the hot Big Bang are reviewed in the framework of the fundamental...
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Basics
Telescopes of all kinds look deep into the sky and find planets, stars, the Milky Way, other galaxies, clusters of galaxies, the large-scale...
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Topological Quasi-Particles
The subject of topology is the set of properties of relative positions that can be defined without the use of metric properties. A metric induces a...
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Anthropic Aspects
Cosmology attempts to understand the observable metagalaxy as a representative part of the universe and as a necessary consequence of the laws that...
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Higher Dimensions
The invariance group of mechanics and field theory tells us that space has three dimensions, and space-time four. Nearly all physical theory uses...
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7 Brane-World Cosmology
According to recent ideas from particle physics, the universe could be a higher-dimensional spacetime, with our observable part of the universe being...
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Course 15: Observations of the High Energy $\gamma$ -Ray Universe
This article describes the nature and current status of observational programs studying astrophysical high energy...
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Course 1: Accretion and Ejection-Related MHD
This lecture is an introduction to MHD. Relevant equations, both in the classical and special-relativistic regimes are derived. The magnetic field...
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Course 7: Cosmic Rays and Particle Acceleration at Astrophysical Shocks
The acceleration of particles in the vicinity of astrophysical shocks has become the main paradigm in astrophysics for the production of cosmic rays...
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Course 12: Evolution of YSO Disks
As stars and planets form from accretion processes in disks, it is important to understand these processes and their evolutionary implications. While...
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Course 11: Accretion Signatures in Young Stellar Objects
Mass accretion onto the star is taken place in young stellar objects, providing the energy needed to power the excess emission observed at all...
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Course 8: The Black Hole Environments
Compact objects are astrophysical entities with radii smaller than about 10 Schwarzschild radii. The mass spectrum of these objects ranges from the...