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From the Prebiotic Synthesis of α-Amino Acids Towards a Primitive Translation Apparatus for the Synthesis of Peptides
The demonstration that ribosomal peptide synthesis is a ribozyme-catalyzed reaction does not establish that amino acids and peptides have been...
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Genome evolution: Lessons from Genolevures
In the past years, yeast genome-sequencing programs have been widely developed. Two of them, namely Genolevures I and II, were devoted to the...
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State of the Art. Chemical Synthesis of Biophosphates and their Analogues via PIII Derivatives
This chapter is concerned with preparation and applications of tricoordinate phosphorus compounds in synthesis of biophosphates and their structural...
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Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Materials Based on Organophosphorus Derivatives
Because P-O-Metal and P-C linkages are quite stable, organophosphorus derivatives offer a general alternative to silicon-based coupling in the field...
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Recent Progress in Microbial Cultivation Techniques
Recent advances in the improvement of microbial cultivation are reviewed, with emphasis on biochemical engineering techniques as a means of obtaining...
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High Rate Production of Hydrogen/Methane from Various Substrates and Wastes
To treat soluble and solid wastes and recover energy from them, high rate methane fermentation, especially using the UASB (upflow anaerobic sludge...
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Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes
Through functionalization of carbon nanotubes, i.e., the attachment of appropriate chemical functionalities onto their conjugated sp2 carbon...
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Biological Organometallic Chemistry of B12
Vitamin B12, the “antipernicious anemia factor” required for human and animal metabolism, was discovered in the late 1940s. B12-derivatives are...
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Histone Ubiquitylation and the Regulation of Transcription
The small (76 amino acids) and highly conserved ubiquitin protein plays key roles in the physiology of eukaryotic cells. Protein ubiquitylation...
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The Generation and Recognition of Histone Methylation
The posttranslational modification of histone proteins via methylation has important functions in gene activation, transcriptional silencing,...
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Histone Dynamics During Transcription: Exchange of H2A/H2B Dimers and H3/H4 Tetramers During Pol II Elongation
Chromatin within eukaryotic cell nuclei accommodates many complex activities that require at least partial disassembly and reassembly of...
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Folding of newly synthesised proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a membranous compartment that can be found within any nucleated eukaryotic cell. Its job is to oversee the...
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Medicinal Properties of Organometallic Compounds
Although organometallic compounds are ubiquitous in nature, synthetic organometallic compounds are generally considered to be toxic or...
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Mouse Models of Cell Cycle Regulators: New Paradigms
In yeast, a single cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) is able to regulate diverse cell cycle transitions (S and M phases) by associating with multiple...
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Structural features of fungal genomes
Eighteen fungal genomes have been sequenced to date from a variety of taxonomic groups, with fifteen Ascomycota, two Basidomycota and one...
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Directed Synthesis of Biologically Interesting Heterocycles with Squaric Acid (3,4-Dihydroxy-3-cyclobutene-1,2-dione) Based Technology
A variety of methods for organic transformation starting from squaric acid have been developed in this decade. These are based on conversion of...
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Sterol Endocytosis and Trafficking in Plant Cells
Structural sterols are integral components of biological membranes. They regulate membrane permeability and fluidity, and they influence the...
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Microwave-Assisted Multicomponent Reactionsfor the Synthesis of Heterocycles
Multicomponent reactions offer convenient procedures for the introduction of many points of structural diversity into heterocyclic compounds...
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Diazo and Diazonium DNA Cleavage Agents: Studies on Model Systems and Natural Product Mechanisms of Action
Diazonium salts have been previously used to cleave DNA via generation of carbon centered radicals and cations. Efforts have been made in the...
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Quinazoline Alkaloids and Related Chemistry
Recent progress in quinazoline alkaloids and related chemistry was reviewed focusing on developments of the synthetic methodologies and their...