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Cholera toxin: mechanisms of entry into host cells
Cholera toxin moves from the plasma membrane to the ER of host cells to cause disease. Trafficking in this pathway depends on toxin binding to...
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The Ustilago maydis killer toxins
Killer toxins are small proteins secreted by a number of fungi that are lethal to susceptible cells (generally fungi of the same or related species)....
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The Construction and Operation of Anion Sensors: Current Status and Future Perspectives
This chapter is intended to provide an insight into the construction and operation of anion sensing devices, rather than the chemistry of anion...
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Deconvolution Microscopy
Since its introduction in 1983, deconvolution microscopy has become a key image-processing tool for visualizing the cellular structures of fixed and...
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Biosynthesis and function of 1-methyladenosine in transfer RNA
Determining the function of single nucleotide modifications in tRNA has been elusive because so many tRNA modification enzymes are not essential for...
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Transfer RNA modifications and modifying enzymes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Transfer RNAs are adaptor molecules, which decode mRNA into protein and, thereby, play a central role in gene expression. During the maturation of a...
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Phosphinidenes
Of the low-valent organophosphorus compounds phosphinidenes occupy a special place. In ‘free’ phosphinidenes the phosphorus atom carries a single...
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On the Prebiotic Synthesis of Nucleobases, Nucleotides, Oligonucleotides, Pre-RNA and Pre-DNA Molecules
All the strategies for the prebiotic syntheses of RNA and DNA assume the adequate availability of the presumptive precursors such as purine and...
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Checkpoint and Coordinated Cellular Responses to DNA Damage
The DNA damage and replication checkpoints are signaling mechanisms that regulate and coordinate cellular responses to genotoxic conditions. The...
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Systems biology of apoptosis
New approaches are required for the mathematical modelling and system identification of complex signal transduction networks, which are characterized...
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Molecular Components of Physiological Stress Responses in Escherichia coli
In order to survive under and adapt to different conditions Escherichia coli has evolved elaborate systems that are able to sense and respond to...
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Application of Knowledge Information Processing Methods to Biochemical Engineering, Biomedical and Bioinformatics Fields
In biochemical and biomedical engineering fields there are a variety of phenomena with many complex chemical reactions, in which many genes and...
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Polarons and Transport in DNA
It has been widely considered that the wavefunction of an extra electron or hole on the base stack of a DNA molecule is confined to a single site,...
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Crystallographic Studies of Native and Mutant Orotidine 5′phosphate Decarboxylases
This review aims to use the results of an approach combining crystallographic structure analysis with mutational studies as a framework for the...
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Electrophoretic mobility of colloidal particles in salt-free media
It is shown that the electrophoretic mobility μ of dilute spherical colloidal particles of radius a, carrying charge Q in a salt-free medium...
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Nanoscale Objects: Perspectives Regarding Methodologies for Their Assembly, Covalent Stabilization, and Utilization
In this review, we highlight some of the most recent advances in the design and utilization of organic nanoscale objects. Initially discussed is the...
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Chemical Signalling in Beetles
This chapter reviews chemical structures of biologically active, volatile compounds in beetles. Techniques used for structure elucidation are briefly...
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S. cerevisiae K28 toxin – a secreted virus toxin of the A/B family of protein toxins
Since the initial discovery of toxin-secreting killer strains in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae more than 40 years ago, continuous research on...
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Between Objectivity and Whim: Nucleic Acid Structural Biology
Here we explore the subjectivity intrinsic to macromolecular crystallography, focusing on the hydration/counter-ion region of nucleic acids. Water...
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The Rise of Organophosphorus Derivatives in π-Conjugated Materials Chemistry
This chapter concerns the synthesis and properties of π-conjugated oligomers and polymers containing phosphorus moieties, an area of increasing...