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Development, Occurrence and Regulationof Antifouling Paint Biocides: Historical Review and Future Trends
Antifouling agents have been used on ships since the ancient Roman and Greek civilizations. A brief history is provided through to the demise of...
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Worldwide Occurrence of Organotins from Antifouling Paints and Effects in the Aquatic Environment
Organotins belong to the most toxic pollutants for aquatic life known so far. Widespread contamination of harbors and areas with high ship**...
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Antifouling Paint Booster Biocides: Occurrence and Partitioning in Water and Sediments
Following the ban on the use of tributyltin (TBT) in antifouling, several organic booster biocides have been used in conjunction with copper in...
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New Trends in Sample Preparation Methods for the Determination of Organotin Compounds in Marine Matrices
Tributyltin still remains a major issue for the marine environment and its determination is mandatory by legislation in several countries. As for...
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Degradation and Preservation of Organic Matter in Marine Sediments
Organic matter that is deposited in aquatic sediments is subject to an intense diagenetic reactor that determines how much organic carbon is...
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Present Status of Antifouling Systems in Japan: Tributyltin Substitutes in Japan
An international conference held by the International Maritime Organization in October 2001 adopted an “International convention on the control of...
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Transcriptome analysis in abiotic stress conditions in higher plants
Drought, high salinity, and low temperature are major environmental factors that limit plant productivity. Plants respond and adapt to these stresses...
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Signal transduction in plant cold acclimation
Temperate plants respond to low temperature by activating a cold acclimation program leading to enhanced tolerance to freezing temperatures. This...
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Sensors of abiotic stress in Synechocystis
Systematic mutagenesis of histidine kinases in combination with DNA microarray technology has allowed us to identify sensors for cold, hyperosmotic...
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Plant responses to heat stress
The heat stress response is characterized by inhibition of normal transcription and translation, higher expression of heat shock proteins (hsps) and...
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Abscisic acid signalling
Signalling of abscisic acid (ABA) in plants is characterized by an amazing number of secondary messengers that are part of the pathway or modulate...
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Plant salt tolerance
Soil salinity adversely affects crop productivity and quality. The success of breeding programs aimed at salinity tolerant crop varieties is limited...
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Insect Chemical Defense
Research on the defensive chemistry of insects during the last decade is reviewed, with special emphasis on non-volatile compounds. The isolation and...
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Chemical Signalling in Beetles
This chapter reviews chemical structures of biologically active, volatile compounds in beetles. Techniques used for structure elucidation are briefly...
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Controls on the Carbon Isotopic Compositions of Lipids in Marine Environments
Organic carbon isotopes have long been used to study modern and ancient biogeochemical processes. Controls on the isotopic composition of organic...
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Sources and Cycling of Organic Matter in the Marine Water Column
The organic carbon cycle operates on multiple time scales with a only small fraction of the global reservoir actively exchanged. For the marine...
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Atmospheric Transport of Terrestrial Organic Matter to the Sea
The transport of atmospheric particles with associated terrestrial organic matter to the oceans is an important process affecting various global...
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Chemistry and Fate of Organotin Antifouling Biocides in the Environment
Organotin antifouling paints are degraded relatively rapidly in seawater mainly by microorganisms, but they have high affinities to sediment and...
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Biological Markers for Anoxia in the Photic Zone of the Water Column
In this chapter we review the current state of knowledge on the occurrence of anoxic conditions in the water column of past depositional systems...
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Molecular Tools for the Analysis of DNA in Marine Environments
In the last decade, microbial ecologists have increasingly applied molecular techniques to investigate microorganisms in natural environments. The...