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Endpoints for Pharmacotherapy Trials for Alcohol Use Disorder
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a debilitating disorder, yet currently approved pharmacotherapies to treat AUD are under-utilized. The three...
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Environmental Oxidative Stress – Environmental Sources of ROS
Environmental factors are known sources for oxidative stress. In consequence of the numerous influences that define our environment, environmental...
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Endogenous Oxidant-Generating Systems
Although organisms respiring air oxygen use their energy sources in an optimal way they are threatened by the compulsory formation of reactive oxygen...
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Low Molecular Weight Antioxidants
Low molecular weight antioxidants are an important part of the antioxidative defense mechanisms of cells and organisms. This chapter gives a short...
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Modulation of Cellular Signaling Processes by Reactive Oxygen Species
Exposure of cells to reactive oxygen species (ROS) may result not only in cell death by excessive oxidation of biomolecules but also cause the...
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Glutathione
Glutathione is the most abundant non-protein thiol in cells. It is a tripeptide with two important structural features: the thiol group and the...
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The Broad Spectrum of Responses to Oxidative Stress in Proliferating Cells
Proliferating mammalian cells exhibit a broad spectrum of responses to oxidative stress, depending on the stress level encountered. Very low levels...
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Reinforcing effects of fentanyl analogs found in illicit drug markets
RationaleThe potent synthetic opioid fentanyl, and its analogs, continue to drive opioid-related overdoses. Although the pharmacology of fentanyl is...
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Chemical Modifications of Biomolecules by Oxidants
There is strong evidence in support of the oxidation of biomolecules during normal physiology and under conditions of environmental or pathological...
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Synthesis of Biologically Active Heterocyclic Stilbene and Chalcone Analogs of Combretastatin
Combretastatin A-4 (CA-4, 7) has had a major impact in the field of medicinal chemistry as a potent bioactive molecule that binds to the...
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Overcoming Bacterial Resistance: Role of β-Lactamase Inhibitors
Resistance to modern antibiotics is currently a major health concern in treating infectious diseases. Abuse, overuse, and misuse of antibiotics in...
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Synthesis of Carbolines Possessing Antitumor Activity
Synthetic approaches to a number of carboline derivatives having antitumor activity are described. Representative examples of molecules with...
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Diazo and Diazonium DNA Cleavage Agents: Studies on Model Systems and Natural Product Mechanisms of Action
Diazonium salts have been previously used to cleave DNA via generation of carbon centered radicals and cations. Efforts have been made in the...
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Comparative CNS Pharmacology of the Bruton’s Tyrosine Kinase (BTK) Inhibitor Tolebrutinib Versus Other BTK Inhibitor Candidates for Treating Multiple Sclerosis
Background and objectivesTolebrutinib is a covalent BTK inhibitor designed and selected for potency and CNS exposure to optimize impact on...
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Connect-ROD – development and qualitative evaluation of a community-based group intervention to support well-being in patients with a rare or orphan disease
BackgroundPatients living with various rare or orphan diseases (ROD) experience common psychosocial difficulties. Those need emerge from a...
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Superoxide Dismutases and Catalase
Superoxide dismutases (SODs) and catalase represent the primary enzymatic defense against reactive oxygen species. Both enzymes are present in...
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Protein Repair and Degradation
Protein oxidation is one of the important processes taking place during oxidative stress. Numerous amino acids can be modified within proteins...
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DNA Repair: Mechanisms and Measurements
The early findings that significant amounts of modifications are induced to the cellular DNA both spontaneously and as a consequence of metabolism...
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Mitochondrial Free Radical Production, Antioxidant Defenses and Cell Signaling
Mitochondria were classically recognized as the organelles that produce the energy required to drive the endergonic processes of cell life, but now...
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Novel Synthetic Antibacterial Agents
Classical (fermentation-based) and nonclassical (nonfermentation-based) antibacterials are conventionally used for the treatment of bacterial...