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Environmental Oxidative Stress – Environmental Sources of ROS
Environmental factors are known sources for oxidative stress. In consequence of the numerous influences that define our environment, environmental...
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Endogenous Oxidant-Generating Systems
Although organisms respiring air oxygen use their energy sources in an optimal way they are threatened by the compulsory formation of reactive oxygen...
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Low Molecular Weight Antioxidants
Low molecular weight antioxidants are an important part of the antioxidative defense mechanisms of cells and organisms. This chapter gives a short...
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Modulation of Cellular Signaling Processes by Reactive Oxygen Species
Exposure of cells to reactive oxygen species (ROS) may result not only in cell death by excessive oxidation of biomolecules but also cause the...
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Glutathione
Glutathione is the most abundant non-protein thiol in cells. It is a tripeptide with two important structural features: the thiol group and the...
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The Broad Spectrum of Responses to Oxidative Stress in Proliferating Cells
Proliferating mammalian cells exhibit a broad spectrum of responses to oxidative stress, depending on the stress level encountered. Very low levels...
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Current Topics Regarding the Function of the Medial Temporal Lobe Memory System
The first clear insight that the medial temporal lobe of the human brain was in fact a system of anatomically connected structures that were...
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Chemical Modifications of Biomolecules by Oxidants
There is strong evidence in support of the oxidation of biomolecules during normal physiology and under conditions of environmental or pathological...
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DNA Repair: Mechanisms and Measurements
The early findings that significant amounts of modifications are induced to the cellular DNA both spontaneously and as a consequence of metabolism...
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Mitochondrial Free Radical Production, Antioxidant Defenses and Cell Signaling
Mitochondria were classically recognized as the organelles that produce the energy required to drive the endergonic processes of cell life, but now...
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Protein Repair and Degradation
Protein oxidation is one of the important processes taking place during oxidative stress. Numerous amino acids can be modified within proteins...
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Superoxide Dismutases and Catalase
Superoxide dismutases (SODs) and catalase represent the primary enzymatic defense against reactive oxygen species. Both enzymes are present in...
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Renal epithelioid angiomyolipomas overexpress TFE3 and the TFE3-regulated gene TRIM63 in the absence of TFE3 rearrangement
Angiomyolipoma (AML) is a neoplasm within the perivascular epithelioid cell tumor family that occurs somewhat frequently in the kidney. Most are...
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Muscle MRI as a biomarker of disease activity and progression in myotonic dystrophy type 1: a longitudinal study
IntroductionMyotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is an autosomal dominant disease characterized by myotonia and progressive muscular weakness and atrophy....
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Modulating social learning-induced evaluation updating during human sleep
People often change their evaluations upon learning about their peers’ evaluations, i.e., social learning. Given sleep’s vital role in consolidating...
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The risks for major psychiatric disorders in the siblings of probands with major depressive disorder
Using a case-controlled study including siblings of major depression (MD) and control probands, born 1970–1990 and followed through 2018, we sought...
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The brachioradialis longus: an unreported accessory form of the brachioradialis muscle
The brachioradialis muscle (BR) belongs to the lateral forearm muscle. Typically, the radial nerve innervates it. BR morphological variability, such...
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Predictors of changes in marijuana consumption in Germany during the covid-19 pandemic
During the Covid-19 pandemic Germany experienced its first increase in the proportion of heavy cannabis users since 1995. With the expected...
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Aticaprant, a kappa opioid receptor antagonist, and the recovered ‘interest and pleasure’ in the concept of major depressive disorder
Lack of positive mood and anhedonia probably are the most specific depressive symptoms. Anhedonia is a multifaceted concept: the clinical language...