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English Biological techniques

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  1. Biosynthesis and function of 1-methyladenosine in transfer RNA

    Determining the function of single nucleotide modifications in tRNA has been elusive because so many tRNA modification enzymes are not essential for...
    James T. Anderson, Louis Droogmans in Fine-Tuning of RNA Functions by Modification and Editing
    Chapter

  2. Transfer RNA modifications and modifying enzymes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

    Transfer RNAs are adaptor molecules, which decode mRNA into protein and, thereby, play a central role in gene expression. During the maturation of a...
    Marcus J.O. Johansson, Anders S. Byström in Fine-Tuning of RNA Functions by Modification and Editing
    Chapter

  3. The biosynthesis and functional roles of methylated nucleosides in eukaryotic mRNA

    Modified nucleosides are present in mRNA of all eukaryotes, albeit at much lower levels than in other RNA moieties such as rRNA, tRNA, and snRNA....
    Joseph A. Bokar in Fine-Tuning of RNA Functions by Modification and Editing
    Chapter

  4. Adenosine to inosine RNA editing in animal cells

    Major advances in the understanding of adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs) have come from the generation of ADAR mutant animals. In mice,...
    Barry Hoopengardner, Mary A. O’Connell, ... Liam P. Keegan in Fine-Tuning of RNA Functions by Modification and Editing
    Chapter

  5. Conserved ribosomal RNA modification and their putative roles in ribosome biogenesis and translation

    rRNA maturation requires extensive covalent modifications of riboses and bases. These modifications concern exclusively the most conserved regions of...
    Bruno Lapeyre in Fine-Tuning of RNA Functions by Modification and Editing
    Chapter

  6. Biosynthesis and function of tRNA wobble modifications

    Post-transcriptional modifications at the first (wobble) position of the tRNA anticodon participate in the precise decoding of the genetic code that...
    Tsutomu Suzuki in Fine-Tuning of RNA Functions by Modification and Editing
    Chapter

  7. Mechanisms and functions of RNA-guided RNA modification

    RNA-guided 2’-O-methylations and pseudouridylations occur in several different types of RNAs and in a wide range of organisms. Hundreds of the RNAs...
    Yi-Tao Yu, Rebecca M. Terns, Michael P. Terns in Fine-Tuning of RNA Functions by Modification and Editing
    Chapter

  8. Role of the 5’-cap in the biogenesis of spliceosomal snRNPs

    The biogenesis of spliceosomal UsnRNPs in higher eukaryotes involves a nucleocytoplasmic shuttling cycle. After transcription and processing in the...
    Achim Dickmanns, Ralf Ficner in Fine-Tuning of RNA Functions by Modification and Editing
    Chapter

  9. Um34 in selenocysteine tRNA is required for the expression of stress-related selenoproteins in mammals

    Selenium is an essential micronutrient in the diet of mammals and has many health benefits. Selenium-containing proteins are responsible for most, if...
    Bradley A. Carlson, Xue-Ming Xu, ... Dolph L. Hatfield in Fine-Tuning of RNA Functions by Modification and Editing
    Chapter

  10. Translational Recoding and RNA Modifications

    During protein synthesis, codons in mRNA are translated sequentially in frame on the ribosome following strict decoding rules. This process is...
    Olivier Namy, François Lecointe, ... Jean-Pierre Rousset in Fine-Tuning of RNA Functions by Modification and Editing
    Chapter

  11. Modification and editing of RNA: historical overview and important facts to remember

    RNA plays a central role in many cellular processes and several peculiarities of RNAs are probably relics of an ancient primordial RNA World. To...
    Henri Grosjean in Fine-Tuning of RNA Functions by Modification and Editing
    Chapter

  12. Role of a conserved pseudouridine in U2 snRNA on the structural and electrostatic features of the spliceosomal pre-mRNA branch site

    A pseudouridine (ψ) residue in a phylogenetically conserved position of U2 snRNA that pairs with the intron to form the pre-mRNA branch site helix of...
    Nancy L. Greenbaum in Fine-Tuning of RNA Functions by Modification and Editing
    Chapter

  13. Mammalian C to U editing

    The sequencing of genomes from higher organisms demonstrated that the number and complexity of expressed mRNA sequences and proteins exceeds the...
    Harold C. Smith, Joseph E. Wedekind, ... Mark P. Sowden in Fine-Tuning of RNA Functions by Modification and Editing
    Chapter

  14. Transfer RNA modifications and DNA editing in HIV-1 reverse transcription

    Reverse transcription is a central step in HIV-1 replication that represents a typical case of interplay between viral and cellular factors. HIV-1...
    Roland Marquet, Frédéric Dardel in Fine-Tuning of RNA Functions by Modification and Editing
    Chapter

  15. Nucleotide methylations in rRNA that confer resistance to ribosome-targeting antibiotics

    Methylation of rRNA nucleotides is an effective means of conferring resistance to antibiotics that target the bacterial ribosome. This type of...
    Stephen Douthwaite, Dominique Fourmy, Satoko Yoshizawa in Fine-Tuning of RNA Functions by Modification and Editing
    Chapter

  16. Editing and modification in trypanosomatids: the resha** of non-coding RNAs

    Trypanosomatids include a number of protozoan parasites that infect over 27 million people worldwide. Besides their medical importance, these...
    Mary Anne T. Rubio, Juan D. Alfonzo in Fine-Tuning of RNA Functions by Modification and Editing
    Chapter

  18. Deep migration learning-based recognition of diseases and insect pests in Yunnan tea under complex environments

    Background

    The occurrence, development, and outbreak of tea diseases and pests pose a significant challenge to the quality and yield of tea,...

    Zhaowen Li, Jihong Sun, ... Ye Qian in Plant Methods
    Article Open access 05 July 2024

  19. Molecular Characterization of Lineage-IV Peste Des Petits Ruminants Virus and the Development of In-House Indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (IELISA) for its Rapid Detection”

    Peste des petits ruminants (PPRV), a highly contagious viral disease, causes significant economic losses concerning sheep and goats. Recently, PPR...

    Tahira Kamal, Saeed-ul-Hassan Khan, ... Suhail Razak in Biological Procedures Online
    Article Open access 05 July 2024

  20. EAF2 Downregulation Recruits Tumor-associated Macrophages in Prostate Cancer through Upregulation of MIF

    Background

    The role of tumor inflammatory microenvironment in the advancement of cancer, particularly prostate cancer, is widely acknowledged....

    Tianyu Cao, Qian Sun, ... Wenhuan Guo in Biological Procedures Online
    Article Open access 05 July 2024
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