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Introduction to Space Weather
Adverse space weather is one of the principal threats to modern human technology. Solar coronal mass ejections, large solar flares, and high-speed...
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Space Weather Effects in the Upper Atmosphere: Low and Middle Latitudes
In this chapter the space weather effects in the upper atmosphere are investigated. It is discussed how space weather affects satellites and radio...
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12 Microbial Life in Brines, Evaporites and Saline Sediments: The Search for Life on Mars
When water on a planet begins to evaporate the dissolved minerals become more concentrated, form a brine, eventually precipitating out of solution...
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5 Global Distribution of Subsurface Water Measured by Mars Odyssey
While the presence of water in minerals of the Martian surface has been known for many years and the storage of ground ice in the past and present...
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Sato Theory and Transformation Groups. A Unified Approach to Integrable Systems
More than 20 years ago, it was discovered that the solutions of the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (KP) hierarchy constitute an infinite-dimensional...
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Discrete Painlevé Equations: A Review
We present a review of what is current knowledge about discrete Painlevé equations. We start with a historical introduction which explains how the...
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Ultradiscrete Systems (Cellular Automata)
Ultradiscretization is a limiting procedure which allows one to obtain a cellular automaton (CA) from continuous equations. Using this method, we can...
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Symmetries of Discrete Systems
In this series of lectures, we review the application of Lie point symmetries, and their generalizations, to the study of difference equations. The...
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Time in Science: Reversibility vs. Irreversibility
To discuss properly the question of irreversibility one needs to make a careful distinction between reversibility of the equations of motion and the...
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Planet Formation
Motivating the study of planet formation is not difficult for any curious audience. One of the fundamental human questions is that of origins: “where...
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Orbit Dynamics, Stability and Chaos in Planetary Systems
Let us start with a problem of dynamical biology, which was posed about 800 years ago by Fibonacci1
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Velocity Dispersion Analysis of CNOC Clusters
I present results of the analysis of the internal velocity dispersions,...
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Magellanic Cloud Eclipsing Binaries: Distances and Dimensions
In this contribution we analyse previously unpublished radial velocity curves in conjunction with other already published light curves, Strömgren...
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The Galactic Bulge: Prospects for the VLT
The central bulge of the Galaxy is 100 times closer than the nearest extragalactic bulge, that of M31. Until the era of 100m telescopes arrives, the...
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The Stellar Mass Function
Considerable progress has been made recently in more accurately determining the frequency distribution of stellar masses in the critical 0.1 to 1 m...
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Extrasolar Planets Transits: Detection and Follow-Up
The detection of transits has a rich potential of information about extrasolar planets. This contribution gives an overview and new perspectives on...
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Astrometry with the VLT Interferometer
The VLTI was originally conceived as an imaging instrument, providing a resolution of a few milliarcseconds at near-infrared wavelengths for studies...
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Clusters of Galaxies at High Redshift
For a long time, the small number of clusters at z > 0.3 in the Abell survey catalogue and simulations of the standard CDM formation of large scale...
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The Cluster Population in a Complete Sample of Optically Identified RASS X-Ray Sources
Using the 2.1-m telescope of the Guillermo Haro Observatory (Cananea, Mexico) the optical counterparts of a count-rate and area limited complete...
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Massive Stars and Their Role in Spectra and Abundances of High Redshift Galaxies
There are great changes in our understanding of massive star evolution. Although it is a known fact that the populations of massive stars (O-stars,...