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Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease: an overview
BackgroundMycobacteria include ubiquitous species of varying virulence. However, environmental and individual-specific factors, particularly host...
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Mycobacterial antigens in pleural fluid mononuclear cells to diagnose pleural tuberculosis in HIV co-infected patients
BackgroundExtra pulmonary manifestation of tuberculosis (TB) accounts for approximately one-half of TB cases in HIV-infected individuals with pleural...
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Manifestations of cutaneous mycobacterial infections in patients with inborn errors of IL-12/IL-23-IFNγ immunity
BackgroundInborn errors of IL-12/IL-23-IFNγ immunity underlie Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial diseases (MSMD), a group of...
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Mycobacterial lymphadenitis without granuloma formation in a patient with anti-interferon-gamma antibodies
A previously healthy 49-year-old Japanese woman presented with cervical lymph node swelling and tenderness. Lymph node biopsy revealed reactive...
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Mesenchymal-epithelial Transition Factor Regulates Monocyte Function during Mycobacterial Infection via Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase
ObjectiveMycobacterium tuberculosis ( Mtb ), the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), causes an estimated 1.6 million human deaths annually, but the...
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Impaired T-cell response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) in tuberculosis patients is associated with high IL-6 plasma levels and normalizes early during anti-mycobacterial treatment
PurposeHuman tuberculosis is characterized by immunopathology that affects T-cell phenotype and functions. Previous studies found impaired T-cell...
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Papulonecrotic Tuberculid—a Rare Cutaneous Expression of a Common Disease: a Case Report
Cutaneous tuberculosis is rarely encountered in clinical practice, and its diagnosis is often challenging. One of the clinical variants of cutaneous...
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Monitoring the immune response of macrophages in tuberculous granuloma through the expression of CD68, iNOS and HLA-DR in naturally infected beef cattle
Bovine tuberculosis still represents a universal threat that creates a wider range of public and animal health impacts. One of the most important...
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Map** Crohn’s Disease Pathogenesis with Mycobacterium paratuberculosis: A Hijacking by a Stealth Pathogen
Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP) has been implicated in the development of Crohn’s disease (CD) for over a century. Similarities have...
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Extracellular vesicles from serum samples of mycobacteria patients induced cell death of THP-1 monocyte and PBMC
BackgroundExtracellular vesicles (EVs) play a key role in cell communication and the pathogenesis of some diseases. EVs may accelerate cell death...
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Coexistence of pulmonary tuberculosis with pulmonary sarcoidosis and skin sarcoidosis: a case report
BackgroundNecrotising granulomatous diseases of the lungs exhibit a narrow range of differential diagnoses. Tuberculosis accounts for most of these...
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Non-specific effects of inactivated Mycobacterium bovis oral and parenteral treatment in a rabbit scabies model
Tuberculosis BCG vaccination induced non-specific protective effects in humans led to postulate the concept of trained immunity (TRAIM) as an innate...
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Memory B-cells are enriched in the blood of patients with acute Buruli ulcer disease: a prospective observational study
BackgroundBuruli ulcer disease (BUD) caused by Mycobacterium (M.) ulcerans is characterized by necrotic skin lesions. As for other mycobacterial...
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Sarcoid-like lesions obfuscating the diagnosis of disseminated Mycobacterium genavense infection in a patient with IL-12Rβ1-associated immunodeficiency
BackgroundSarcoidosis is a systemic inflammatory disease that is characterized by non-caseating epithelioid-cell granulomas upon histology. However,...
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The unique diagnostic and management challenge of a patient with concomitant anti-interferon-gamma autoantibody associated immunodeficiency syndrome, IgG4-related disease, and treatment refractory, disseminated mycobacterium avium complex infection
BackgroundAnti-interferon-gamma autoantibody-associated immunodeficiency syndrome is a rare and underrecognized adult onset immunodeficiency syndrome...
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Disseminated Mycobacterium chimaera infection in a patient with adult-onset immunodeficiency syndrome: case report
BackgroundPatients with adult-onset immunodeficiency syndrome due to anti-interferon-γ autoantibodies (AIGAs) are susceptible to disseminated Mycobact...
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Interferon-gamma producing CD4+ T cells quantified by flow cytometry as early markers for Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis infection in cattle
Current diagnostic methods for Johne’s disease in cattle allow reliable detection of infections with Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP)...
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Defects of the Innate Immune System and Related Immune Deficiencies
The innate immune system is the host’s first line of defense against pathogens. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern recognition receptors that...
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Randomized controlled trial of vitamin d supplementation on toll-like receptor-2 (tlr-2) and toll-like receptor-4 (tlr-4) in tuberculosis spondylitis patients
BackgroundTuberculosis spondylitis accounts for approximately 50% of all cases of skeletal tuberculosis. Vitamin D plays a role in the immune system....
