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Pneumocystis jirovecii-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome-like phenomenon in a child with leukaemia: a case report and literature review
BackgroundImmune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) refers to the phenomenon of intense immune responses against pathogens in patients with...
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Newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes mellitus in a human immunodeficiency virus-infected patient with antiretroviral therapy-induced immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome: a case report
BackgroundDiabetes that develops in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients who receive antiretroviral therapy (ART) is usually type 2...
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A case of syphilis associated with immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome and review of the literature
BackgroundImmune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) associated with syphilis has rarely been described in HIV-infected patients. Diagnosis...
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Immune recovery uveitis: a focus review
Immune recovery uveitis (IRU) is an intraocular inflammation that typically occurs as part of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) in...
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JC Polyomavirus, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome: a review
The human neurotropic virus JC Polyomavirus , a member of the Polyomaviridae family, is the opportunistic infectious agent causing progressive...
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Biological and clinical roles of IL-18 in inflammatory diseases
Several new discoveries have revived interest in the pathogenic potential and possible clinical roles of IL-18. IL-18 is an IL-1 family cytokine with...
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Epidemiology of the idiopathic inflammatory myopathies
The idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) are a heterogeneous group of systemic autoimmune diseases that affect the skeletal muscles and can also...
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Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor-induced macrophages of individuals with autism spectrum disorder adversely affect neuronal dendrites through the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines
BackgroundA growing body of evidence suggests that immune dysfunction and inflammation in the peripheral tissues as well as the central nervous...
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Progress in xenotransplantation: overcoming immune barriers
A major limitation of organ allotransplantation is the insufficient supply of donor organs. Consequently, thousands of patients die every year while...
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Musculoskeletal manifestations of syphilis in adults: secondary syphilis presenting with ankle inflammatory arthritis and bone involvement with calvarial and sternal lesions. What the rheumatologist needs to know
Although the incidence of syphilis reached a historic low in 2000, the number of incident cases has since increased in men and women across the USA....
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Immune Memory in Aging: a Wide Perspective Covering Microbiota, Brain, Metabolism, and Epigenetics
Non-specific innate and antigen-specific adaptive immunological memories are vital evolutionary adaptations that confer long-lasting protection...
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Clinical, molecular, and histological characteristics of severely necrotic and fatal mpox in HIV-infected patients
BackgroundThis case series of 5 patients with severely necrotic mpox highlights the predominantly necrotic nature of lesions seen in cases of severe...
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Multifocal tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome – a case report of a complicated scenario
BackgroundTuberculosis (TB)-associated Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS) is an aberrant inflammatory response in TB patients with...
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A new biological triangle in cancer: intestinal microbiota, immune checkpoint inhibitors and antibiotics
Cancer immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment of many malignant tumors. Although immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can reactivate the...
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Chronic lymphocytic inflammation with pontine perivascular enhancement responsive to steroids (CLIPPERS): contemporary advances and current controversies
Chronic lymphocytic inflammation with pontine perivascular enhancement responsive to steroids (CLIPPERS) is an inflammatory syndrome with...
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Immune cartography of macrophage activation syndrome in the COVID-19 era
A hyperinflammatory ‘cytokine storm’ state termed macrophage activation syndrome (MAS), culminating from a complex interplay of genetics,...
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The Evolving Landscape of Fecal Microbial Transplantation
The human gastrointestinal tract houses an enormous microbial ecosystem. Recent studies have shown that the gut microbiota plays significant...
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Mpox and HIV—Collision of Two Diseases
Purpose of ReviewThe global outbreak of mpox has brought renewed attention to a previously neglected disease which is particularly severe in people...
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Post-tuberculosis treatment paradoxical reactions
Paradoxical reactions (PR) to tuberculosis (TB) treatment are common during treatment, but have also been described after treatment. A presentation...
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Overview and Current Advances in Dapsone Hypersensitivity Syndrome
Purpose of ReviewAs a sulfone antibacterial agent, dapsone has been widely used to treat leprosy. Moreover, dapsone is also used in many immune...
