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The generation of hemagglutinin monoclonal antibodies against H9N2 influenza virus
H9N2 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) are widely distributed, causing continuous outbreaks in poultry and sporadic infections in humans. Vaccination is...
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Exploring the alternative virulence determinants PB2 S155N and PA S49Y/D347G that promote mammalian adaptation of the H9N2 avian influenza virus in mice
The occurrence of human infections caused by avian H9N2 influenza viruses has raised concerns regarding the potential for human epidemics and...
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Predominance of low pathogenic avian influenza virus H9N2 in the respiratory co-infections in broilers in Tunisia: a longitudinal field study, 2018–2020
Respiratory diseases are a health and economic concern for poultry production worldwide. Given global economic exchanges and migratory bird flyways,...
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Arctiin suppresses H9N2 avian influenza virus-mediated inflammation via activation of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling
BackgroundH9N2 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) infect avian and mammalian hosts and provide internal genes for new emerging highly pathogenic avian...
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Immunological, biochemical and pathological effects of vitamin C and Arabic gum co-administration on H9N2 avian influenza virus vaccinated and challenged laying Japanese quails
AimThis study evaluated the effect of co-administration of vitamin C and Arabic gum (AG) supplements on the response of vaccinated (VAC) and...
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Quail Rearing Practices and Potential for Avian Influenza Virus Transmission, Bangladesh
In 2015, human influenza surveillance identified a human infection with A/H9N2 in Dhaka, Bangladesh with evidence of exposure to a sick quail. We...
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HA gene amino acid mutations contribute to antigenic variation and immune escape of H9N2 influenza virus
Based on differences in the amino acid sequence of the protein haemagglutinin (HA), the H9N2 avian influenza virus (H9N2 virus) has been clustered...
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The role of PB1-F2 in adaptation of high pathogenicity avian influenza virus H7N7 in chickens
Avian influenza viruses (AIV) of the H7N7 subtype are enzootic in the wild bird reservoir in Europe, cause infections in poultry, and have...
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Surveillance and characterization of avian-origin H3N2 canine influenza viruses in 2021 in China
Avian-origin H3N2 canine influenza virus (CIV) is one of the most prevalent influenza virus subtypes in dogs worldwide. Previous studies have shown...
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Large-Scale Serological Survey of Influenza A Virus in South Korean Wild Boar (Sus scrofa)
In this comprehensive large-scale study, conducted from 2015 to 2019, 7,209 wild boars across South Korea were sampled to assess their exposure to...
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Mink infection with influenza A viruses: an ignored intermediate host?
Continuously emergence of human infection with avian influenza A virus poses persistent threat to public health, as illustrated in zoonotic H5N1/6...
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Maternal-derived antibodies hinder the antibody response to H9N2 AIV inactivated vaccine in the field
The H9N2 subtype avian influenza virus (AIV) inactivated vaccine has been used extensively in poultry farms, but it often fails to stimulate a...
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Analysis of the microRNA expression profiles of chicken dendritic cells in response to H9N2 avian influenza virus infection
MicroRNA (miRNA) plays a key role in virus-host interactions. Here, we employed deep sequencing technology to determine cellular miRNA expression...
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Quick and improved immune responses to inactivated H9N2 avian influenza vaccine by purified active fraction of Albizia julibrissin saponins
BackgroundH9N2 Low pathogenic avian influenza virus (LPAIV) raises public health concerns and its eradication in poultry becomes even more important...
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Avian influenza A (H7N9) virus: from low pathogenic to highly pathogenic
The avian influenza A (H7N9) virus is a zoonotic virus that is closely associated with live poultry markets. It has caused infections in humans in...
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Rainfall driven and wild-bird mediated avian influenza virus outbreaks in Australian poultry
Globally, outbreaks of Avian Influenza Virus (AIV) in poultry continue to burden economies and endanger human, livestock and wildlife health. Wild...
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Bacillus subtilis spores as adjuvants against avian influenza H9N2 induce antigen-specific antibody and T cell responses in White Leghorn chickens
Low-pathogenicity avian influenza H9N2 remains an endemic disease worldwide despite continuous vaccination, indicating the need for an improved...
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Distribution of avian influenza viruses according to environmental surveillance during 2014–2018, China
BackgroundRecurrent infections of animal hosts with avian influenza viruses (AIVs) have posted a persistent threat. It is very important to...
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Spatiotemporal analysis of highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N1) outbreaks in poultry in Egypt (2006 to 2017)
BackgroundIn Egypt, the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) subtype H5N1 is endemic and possesses a severe impact on the poultry. To provide a...
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Exosomal miRNA profiling from H5N1 avian influenza virus-infected chickens
Exosomes are membrane vesicles containing proteins, lipids, DNA, mRNA, and micro RNA (miRNA). Exosomal miRNA from donor cells can regulate the gene...
