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The making of insulin in health and disease
The discovery of insulin in 1921 has been one of greatest scientific achievements of the 20th century. Since then, the availability of insulin has...
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Immunometabolism: a new dimension in immunotherapy resistance
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have demonstrated unparalleled clinical responses and revolutionized the paradigm of tumor treatment, while...
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Targeting autophagy to overcome drug resistance: further developments
Inhibiting cell survival and inducing cell death are the main approaches of tumor therapy. Autophagy plays an important role on intracellular...
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Changes in hepatic triglyceride content with the activation of ER stress and increased FGF21 secretion during pregnancy
BackgroundTo meet the needs of foetal growth and development, marked changes in lipid profiles occur during pregnancy. Abnormal lipid metabolism is...
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Knockdown of IRE1α inhibits colonic tumorigenesis through decreasing β-catenin and IRE1α targeting suppresses colon cancer cells
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress occurs frequently in cancers. The unfolded protein response (UPR) is activated to cope with ER stress. This has...
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Therapeutic potential of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists to combat obesity, diabetes, and inflammation
The cholinergic anti-inflammatory reflex (CAIR) represents an important homeostatic regulatory mechanism for sensing and controlling the body’s...
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RhoA regulates translation of the Nogo-A decoy SPARC in white matter-invading glioblastomas
Glioblastomas strongly invade the brain by infiltrating into the white matter along myelinated nerve fiber tracts even though the myelin protein...
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FASN inhibition as a potential treatment for endocrine-resistant breast cancer
PurposeThe majority of breast cancers are estrogen receptor (ERα) positive making endocrine therapy a mainstay for these patients. Unfortunately,...
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MicroRNAs and obesity-induced endothelial dysfunction: key paradigms in molecular therapy
The endothelium plays a pivotal role in maintaining vascular health. Obesity is a global epidemic that has seen dramatic increases in both adult and...
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Cellular and molecular pathobiology of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) affects half of all patients with heart failure worldwide, is increasing in prevalence,...
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Conditioned media from blue light-emitting diode–exposed fibroblasts have an anti-inflammatory effect in vitro
We have previously reported the protective effects of blue light-emitting diode (BLED)–stimulated cell metabolites on cell injury. To further examine...
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Metformin/Donepezil combination modulates brain antioxidant status and hippocampal endoplasmic reticulum stress in type 2 diabetic rats
PurposeDiabetes mellitus is associated with perturbations in brain biochemical parameters associated with dementia. This study aimed at comparing the...
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Stress relief for cancer immunotherapy: implications for the ER stress response in tumor immunity
The solid tumor microenvironment is replete with factors that present a stress to infiltrating immune cells. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress sensor...
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Understanding the immunosuppressive microenvironment of glioma: mechanistic insights and clinical perspectives
Glioblastoma (GBM), the predominant and primary malignant intracranial tumor, poses a formidable challenge due to its immunosuppressive...
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Signaling cascades in the failing heart and emerging therapeutic strategies
Chronic heart failure is the end stage of cardiac diseases. With a high prevalence and a high mortality rate worldwide, chronic heart failure is one...
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Involvement of ER stress and reactive oxygen species generation in anti-cancer effect of CKD-516 for lung cancer
PurposeCKD-516 (Valecobulin), a vascular-disrupting agent, inhibits microtubule elongation. We evaluated the effect of CKD-516 on lung cancer cells...
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The Jun N-terminal kinases signaling pathway plays a “seesaw” role in ovarian carcinoma: a molecular aspect
Ovarian cancer is the most common gynecological malignancy that causes cancer-related deaths in women today; this being the case, develo** an...
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Jiang-Zhi granules decrease sensitivity to low-dose CCl4 induced liver injury in NAFLD rats through reducing endoplasmic reticulum stress
BackgroundNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) may increase the sensitivity to liver injury caused by stimulants such as drugs and poisons. The...
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Dexmedetomidine alleviates insulin resistance in hepatocytes by reducing endoplasmic reticulum stress
PurposeDexmedetomidine (DEX) stabilizes intraoperative blood glucose levels and reduces insulin resistance (IR), a common perioperative complication....
