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Are pigs overestimated as a source of zoonotic influenza viruses?
BackgroundSwine influenza caused by influenza A viruses (IAV) directly affects respiratory health and indirectly impairs reproduction rates in pigs...
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Development and evaluation of a monoclonal antibody-based competitive ELISA for the detection of antibodies against H7 avian influenza virus
BackgroundH7 subtype avian influenza has caused great concern in the global poultry industry and public health. The conventional serological...
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A quantitative risk assessment to evaluate the efficacy of mitigation strategies to reduce highly pathogenic avian influenza virus, subtype H5N1 (HPAI H5N1) in the Menoufia governorate, Egypt
BackgroundThe poultry industry in Egypt has been suffering from endemic highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus, subtype H5N1 since 2006....
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Intranasally administered protein coated chitosan nanoparticles encapsulating influenza H9N2 HA2 and M2e mRNA molecules elicit protective immunity against avian influenza viruses in chickens
Chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) represent an efficient vaccination tool to deliver immunogenic antigens to the antigen-presenting cells (APCs), which...
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Evaluation in broilers of aerosolized nanoparticles vaccine encapsulating imuno-stimulant and antigens of avian influenza virus/Mycoplasma gallisepticum
BackgroundThe global prevalence of economic primary infection of poultry by H9N2 virus, including the Lineage A, panzootic group ME1, and associated...
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N-linked glycosylation at site 158 of the HA protein of H5N6 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus is important for viral biological properties and host immune responses
Since 2014, clade 2.3.4.4 has become the dominant epidemic branch of the Asian lineage H5 subtype highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) in...
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The epidemiology of swine influenza
Globally swine influenza is one of the most important diseases of the pig industry, with various subtypes of swine influenza virus co-circulating in...
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Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells attenuate pulmonary inflammation and lung damage caused by highly pathogenic avian influenza A/H5N1 virus in BALB/c mice
BackgroundThe highly pathogenic avian influenza A/H5N1 virus is one of the causative agents of acute lung injury (ALI) with high mortality rate....
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Efficacy of the commercial plant products acting against influenza-a review
BackgroundInfluenza infection always poses a threat to human and animal health. Vaccines and antiviral drugs are recommended to deal with the...
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Amino acid mutations PB1-V719M and PA-N444D combined with PB2-627K contribute to the pathogenicity of H7N9 in mice
H7N9 subtype avian influenza viruses (AIVs) cause 1567 human infections and have high mortality, posing a significant threat to public health....
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Potential antiviral effects of some native Iranian medicinal plants extracts and fractions against influenza A virus
BackgroundInfluenza A virus (IAV) infection is a continual threat to the health of animals and humans globally. Consumption of the conventional drugs...
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Detecting influenza and emerging avian influenza virus by influenza and pneumonia surveillance systems in a large city in China, 2005 to 2016
BackgroundDetecting avian influenza virus has become an important public health strategy for controlling the emerging infectious disease.
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Identification of a universal antigen epitope of influenza A virus using peptide microarray
BackgroundHemagglutinin is a major surface protein in influenza A virus (IAV), and HA2 is relative conserved among different IAVs. It will be...
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An evaluation of the InDevR FluChip-8G insight microarray assay in characterizing influenza a viruses
Influenza viruses are an important cause of disease in both humans and animals, and their detection and characterization can take weeks. In this...
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Substantial effect of phytochemical constituents against the pandemic disease influenza—a review
BackgroundInfluenza is an acute respiratory tract infection caused by the influenza virus. Vaccination and antiviral drugs are the two methods opted...
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Development and evaluation of a TaqMan MGB RT-PCR assay for detection of H5 and N8 subtype influenza virus
BackgroundHighly pathogenic influenza A (H5N8) viruses have caused several worldwide outbreaks in birds and are of potential risk to humans. Thus, a...
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G1-like M and PB2 genes are preferentially incorporated into H7N9 progeny virions during genetic reassortment
BackgroundGenotype S H9N2 viruses have become predominant in poultry in China since 2010. These viruses frequently donate their whole internal gene...
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Comparison of pathogenicity of subtype H9 avian influenza wild-type viruses from a wide geographic origin expressing mono-, di-, or tri-basic hemagglutinin cleavage sites
An intravenous pathogenicity index (IVPI) of > 1.2 in chickens or, in case of subtypes H5 and H7, expression of a polybasic hemagglutinin cleavage...
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Interaction between avian influenza subtype H9N2 and Newcastle disease virus vaccine strain (LaSota) in chickens
BackgroundH9N2 avian influenza virus is endemic in Egyptian poultry flocks. The role of the live viral vaccines such as LaSota in exaggeration of the...
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A Systematic Review of Influenza Epidemiology and Surveillance in the Eastern Mediterranean and North African Region
Seasonal influenza represents a huge health burden, resulting in significant mortality and morbidity. Following the 2009 H1N1 pandemic, focus has...
