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Tmem88 confines ectodermal Wnt2bb signaling in pharyngeal arch artery progenitors for balancing cell cycle progression and cell fate decision
Pharyngeal arch artery (PAA) progenitors undergo proliferative expansion and angioblast differentiation to build vessels connecting the heart with...
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Whole-Mount Immunofluorescence Protocol for 3D Imaging, Reconstruction, and Quantification of Fourth Pharyngeal Arch Artery Formation
The paired pharyngeal arch arteries form during mouse embryonic development to connect the aortic sac of the primitive heart to the paired dorsal...
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Overview of Head Muscles with Special Emphasis on Extraocular Muscle Development
The head is often considered the most complex part of the vertebrate body as many different cell types contribute to a huge variation of structures...
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Single-cell multimodal analyses reveal epigenomic and transcriptomic basis for birth defects in maternal diabetes
Maternal diabetes mellitus is among the most frequent environmental contributors to congenital birth defects, including heart defects and...
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Msx1 haploinsufficiency modifies the Pax9-deficient cardiovascular phenotype
BackgroundSuccessful embryogenesis relies on the coordinated interaction between genes and tissues. The transcription factors Pax9 and Msx1 ...
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Feeding-Related Skull Structures of Climbing Perch Anabas testudineus (Anabantidae)
AbstractThe feeding-related skull structures are described and occluding elements of the upper and lower regions of the buccopharyngeal cavity are...
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Micro-morphological characteristics of the oropharyngeal cavity floor of bogue (Boops boops) (Linnaeus, 1758) fish: gross morphology, light, and scanning electron microscopic imaging
The current study is the first to use gross anatomy, light, and scanning electron microscopy to describe the oropharyngeal cavity of a bogue ( Boops...
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Morphology of the feeding apparatus in two oxudercine gobies, Parapocryptes serperaster (Richardson 1846) and Pseudapocryptes elongatus (Cuvier 1816)
Oxudercine gobies include fully aquatic to highly terrestrial species. In this study, we investigated the anatomy of the feeding apparatus of two...
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The origins of gas exchange and ion regulation in fish gills: evidence from structure and function
Gill function in gas exchange and ion regulation has played key roles in the evolution of fishes. In this review, we summarize data from the fields...
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Morphological comparison of the feeding apparatus in herbivorous, omnivorous and carnivorous mudskippers (Gobiidae: Oxudercinae)
Oxudercine gobies show not only a full spectrum of habitat transition from water to land, but also varying feeding habits from herbivory to...
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Anatomical variation between the muscles of mastication in black-tip shark (Carcharhinus limbatus) and shovelnose ray Fish (Glaucostegus typus)
The current study aims to differentiate, morphologically, between the masticatory muscles in black-tip sharks and shovelnose ray fish, which control...
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Relationship between diet and pharyngeal jaw morphology of Crenicichla species (Cichliformes: Cichlidae) in streams from Uruguay and Jacuí basins, Southern Brazil
Cichlidae have a magnificent ecological versatility that provides the species to explore many trophic niches, and behavioural biology. This...
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Morphological comparison of the detailed structure of gill rakers from three different feeding habits of marine fish species
The feeding habits and habitat of different fish species influence the morphology and functions of their gill rakers. This study used gross anatomy...
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Gene coexpression networks reveal molecular interactions underlying cichlid jaw modularity
BackgroundThe oral and pharyngeal jaw of cichlid fishes are a classic example of evolutionary modularity as their functional decoupling boosted...
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Sequence of chondrocranial development in basal anurans—Let’s make a cranium
BackgroundThe craniofacial skeleton is an evolutionary innovation of vertebrates. Due to its complexity and importance to protect the brain and aid...
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Order Enoplida Filipjev, 1929
Anoplostoma is characterized by buccal cavity large cylindrical, which is not surrounded by pharyngeal tissue, teeth absent, amphideal fovea...
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Cartilage diversification and modularity drove the evolution of the ancestral vertebrate head skeleton
The vertebrate head skeleton has evolved a myriad of forms since their divergence from invertebrate chordates. The connection between novel gene...
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Details of Structure and Functioning of the Pharyngeal Jaw Apparatus of Ember Parrotfish Scarus rubroviolaceus (Scaridae)
AbstractThe structural details of some muscles, ligaments, aponeurotic structures, and osteological features of the pharyngeal jaw apparatus of ember...
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Respiratory System
Gas exchange of zebrafish is completed by gills, which include gill arch, gill raker and gill filament. The gills of zebrafish are located on both...
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Thyroid and endostyle development in cyclostomes provides new insights into the evolutionary history of vertebrates
BackgroundThe endostyle is an epithelial exocrine gland found in non-vertebrate chordates (amphioxi and tunicates) and the larvae of modern lampreys....
