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From the eye to the wing: neural circuits for transforming optic flow into motor output in avian flight
Avian flight is guided by optic flow—the movement across the retina of images of surfaces and edges in the environment due to self-motion. In all...
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A comparison of flight energetics and kinematics of migratory Brambling and residential Eurasian Tree Sparrow
BackgroundUnlike resident birds, migratory birds are generally believed to have evolved to enhance flight efficiency; however, direct evidence is...
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Musculoskeletal research in human space flight – unmet needs for the success of crewed deep space exploration
Based on the European Space Agency (ESA) Science in Space Environment (SciSpacE) community White Paper “Human Physiology – Musculoskeletal system”,...
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Transcriptomic response of bioengineered human cartilage to parabolic flight microgravity is sex-dependent
Spaceflight and simulated spaceflight microgravity induced osteoarthritic-like alterations at the transcriptomic and proteomic levels in the...
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Effects of Miniaturization on Wing Structure and Flight Mechanics in Insects
AbstractMiniaturization is one of the principal trends in the evolution of winged insects (Pterygota), in many groups of which miniature forms with...
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A low-cost wind tunnel for bird flight experiments
A blower-type wind tunnel for physiological bird flight experiments has been developed, constructed and evaluated. Since the birds to be investigated...
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Ventral wing hairs provide tactile feedback for aerial prey capture in the big brown bat, Eptesicus fuscus
Bats rely on their hand-wings to execute agile flight maneuvers, to grasp objects, and cradle young. Embedded in the dorsal and ventral membranes of...
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Flight behavior of four species of Holotrichia chafer (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) with different habitat use
Insect flight behavior varies among species and selective pressures underlying the diversification of flight performance remain to be fully...
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Drinking on the wing: water collection in polarotactic horseflies
Many insects detect water bodies by observing the linearly polarised light which is reflected from the water surface. Polarotactic horseflies exhibit...
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Mental imagery of object motion in weightlessness
Mental imagery represents a potential countermeasure for sensorimotor and cognitive dysfunctions due to spaceflight. It might help train people to...
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Inflight head stabilization associated with wingbeat cycle and sonar emissions in the lingual echolocating Egyptian fruit bat, Rousettus aegyptiacus
Sensory processing of environmental stimuli is challenged by head movements that perturb sensorimotor coordinate frames directing behaviors. In the...
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Visual antipredator effects of web flexing in an orb web spider, with special reference to web decorations
Some visual antipredator strategies involve the rapid movement of highly contrasting body patterns to frighten or confuse the predator. Bright body...
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Effects of tag mass on the physiology and behaviour of common noctule bats
BackgroundExternal tags, such as transmitters and loggers, are often used to study bat movements. However, physiological and behavioural effects on...
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Jum** of flea beetles onto inclined platforms
The flea beetle, Altica cirsicola , escapes predators by jum** and landing in a dense maze of leaves. How do they land on such varied surfaces? In...
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Sensorimotor adaptation of locomotor synergies to gravitational constraint
This study investigates the impact of gravity on lower limb muscle coordination during pedaling. It explores how pedaling behaviors, kinematics, and...
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Karst vegetation coverage detection using UAV multispectral vegetation indices and machine learning algorithm
BackgroundKarst vegetation is of great significance for ecological restoration in karst areas. Vegetation Indices (VIs) are mainly related to plant...
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Flow development and leading edge vorticity in bristled insect wings
Small flying insects such as the tiny thrip Gynaikothrips ficorum have wings with bristles attached to a solid shaft instead of solid membranes. Air...
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Using Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) in Performance and Behavioural Analysis
Classically, Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) are composed of a 3D accelerometer, a 3D gyroscope, and a 3D magnetometer. Taken into isolation, those...
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Soaring and intermittent flap-gliding during migratory flights of Northern Bald Ibis
Migratory journeys represent an energetic challenge for many long-distance migrants. The choice of flight times, migration route, altitude,...
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Control of high-speed jumps in muscle and spring actuated systems: a comparative study of take-off energetics in bush-crickets (Mecopoda elongata) and locusts (Schistocerca gregaria)
The Orthoptera are a diverse insect order well known for their locomotive capabilities. To jump, the bush-cricket uses a muscle actuated (MA) system...
