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Regulation of the heat shock response by heat shock transcription factors
The heat shock response is characterized by a rapid and robust increase in heat shock proteins upon exposure to protein-damaging stresses. This...
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Template-induced protein misfolding underlying prion diseases
Proteins with prion properties are closely associated to a class of fatal neurodegenerative illnesses in mammals and to the emergence and propagation...
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Systems Biology: necessary developments and trends
At the end of this definition of Systems Biology through exampling, we discuss ambitions, goals, and challenges relating to this new discipline. We...
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12 Baker’s Yeast: a rising foundation for eukaryotic sphingolipid-mediated cell signaling
Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been an invaluable tool for the dissection of sphingolipid metabolic pathways and cloning of enzymes involved in...
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1 Phospholipid synthesis in mammalian cells
Phospholipids are the main components of biological membranes and as such act as the major permeability barrier between cells and the extracellular...
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2 Phospholipid synthesis and dynamics in plant cells
Phospholipids represent the second family of lipids after the galactolipids in photosynthetic tissues and the first in non-photosynthetic tissues....
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11 Plant sphingolipids
Plants contain a multiplicity of sphingolipid metabolites, such as long-chain bases, long-chain base phosphates, ceramides, glycosylceramides,...
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5 Sterol metabolism and functions in higher plants
Higher plants synthesize a bewildering array of sterols, with sitosterol, stigmasterol, and 24-methylcholesterol as major compounds. All plant...
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6 Sterol biochemistry and regulation in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been a major model system for the study of sterol biosynthesis and function. All of the genes encoding the enzymes...
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7 Mammalian ACAT and DGAT2 gene families
Mammalian isozymes of ACAT, DGAT, and MGAT are encoded by the ACAT and DGAT2 gene families. These enzymes catalyze the synthesis of neutral lipid...
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Aging and mitochondrial dysfunction in the filamentous fungus Podospora anserina
In the filamentous fungus Podospora anserina, mitochondria play a paramount role in life span control and aging. During aging, these organelles...
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The human Werner Syndrome as a model system for aging
The aging process is one of the most challenging biological pathways to understand. Applications of model systems for aging have contributed...
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Aging and the programmed death phenomena
Biochemical mechanisms of the programmed death phenomena are considered at levels of unicellular organisms, mitochondria, cells, groups of cells, and...
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Conserved ribosomal RNA modification and their putative roles in ribosome biogenesis and translation
rRNA maturation requires extensive covalent modifications of riboses and bases. These modifications concern exclusively the most conserved regions of...
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Biosynthesis and function of tRNA wobble modifications
Post-transcriptional modifications at the first (wobble) position of the tRNA anticodon participate in the precise decoding of the genetic code that...
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From isolation to integration, a systems biology approach for building the Silicon Cell
In the last decade, the field now commonly referred to as systems biology has developed rapidly. With the sequencing of whole genomes and the...
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Conditional senescence in prokaryotes
Bacteria are immortal in the sense that their capacity for reproduction appears limitless as long as the environment supports growth. However, this...
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Do green plants age, and if so, how?
Time-dependent ageing-like processes in green plants are discussed and compared to gerontological changes in animals and other organisms. The...
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Introduction: Lipids: cellular glue...or are they more than that?
Some 40 years ago, there was a rumor in the research community that lipids are the stuff you have to throw away before starting biochemical...
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10 Sphingosine-1-phosphate metabolism in mammalian cell signalling
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive sphingolipid metabolite implicated in the regulation of vital biological processes. Ample evidence...