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Evaluation Methodology for Environmental Impact Assessment of Industrial Wastes Used as Highway Materials: An Overview with Respect to U.S. EPA's Environmental Risk Assessment Framework
An evaluation methodology was developed for assessing potential ecological risks posed by constituents released from waste and industrial byproducts...
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Synthetic Musks in Different Water Matrices
Nitro musks and polycyclic musks are used as synthetic musk compounds in almost all scented consumer products, such as perfumes, cosmetics, and...
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Synthetic Musks in House Dust
House dust is a sink and repository for semi-volatile organic compounds and particle bound organic matter. Although data are available on the...
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Indoor Particles, Combustion Products and Fibres
Pollutants in an indoor environment are a complex mixture of gases, vapours and particles in either the liquid or the solid phase, suspended in the...
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Sensory Evaluation of Indoor Air Pollution Sources
The basic biological principles of the perception mechanisms for odour and irritants are fairly well understood. Much more uncertain is how these...
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The Role of Musk and Musk Compounds in the Fragrance Industry
An overview of the role of musk and musk compounds in the fragrance industry is given. Discovery and syntheses of representatives occurring naturally...
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Leaching from Residues Used in Road Constructions – A System Analysis
When residues such as municipal solid waste incineration slag are used as construction materials they are commonly enclosed in a technical...
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Environmental Impact Assessment: Principles, Methodology and Conceptual Framework
Public approval of an environmental analysis and impact assessment project is usually coupled with different conditions that the project is required...
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Evaluation of Antifouling Booster Biocides in Marine Water and Sediments Based on Mass Spectrometric Techniques
This chapter outlines the stages involved in chemical analysis of antifouling booster biocides, reviews the sample preparation strategies and the...
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Photochemical Fate of Organic Booster Biocides in the Aquatic Environment
Considering the relevance and importance of photochemical processes in the environmental fate and behavior of organic micropollutants, the present...
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Emission Estimation and Chemical Fate Modelling of Antifoulants
Triggered by the debates around entry of force of the antifouling convention of the International Maritime Organization and the upcoming ban of...
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General Aspects of Natural Products Antifoulants in the Environment
Many marine lives prevent the surface of their bodies with antifouling substances without causing serious environmental problems. Some terrestrial...
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Musk Fragrances and Environmental Fate Models – HHCB as an Example for Model Refinements
The theory of environmental fate and distribution models is briefly introduced. Afterwards, by means of the models laid down in the European Union...
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Toxicology of Synthetic Musk Compounds in Man and Animals
Synthetic musk compounds (musk fragrances) are chemically heterogeneous compounds. The available toxicological data are incomplete. The NOAEL (No...
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Synthetic Musks in the Aquatic System of Berlin as an Example for Urban Ecosystems
This chapter compiles some data on the occurrence and fate of synthetic musk compounds in the aquatic environment of Berlin, Germany. The city of...
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Synthetic Musks in Ambient and Indoor Air
For the first time, the presence of synthetic musks is confirmed and investigated in air samples. New analytical methods are described developed for...
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Recent Studies Conducted by the Research Institute for Fragrance Materials (RIFM) in Support of the Environmental Risk Assessment Process
Although the environmental risk assessments for the nitro musks, musk ketone and musk xylene, and the polycyclic musks, AHTN and HHCB, showed that...
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Bioaccumulation and Ecotoxicity of Synthetic Musks in the Aquatic Environment
Due to the fact that both nitro and polycyclic musk fragrances and their metabolites are not readily biodegradable in most sewage treatment plants...
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Synthetic Musks in Fish and Other Aquatic Organisms
Musk compounds are widely spread environmental pollutants. Musk compounds were found in aquatic organisms from the North Sea, in rivers, lakes and...
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Strategies for Healthy Indoor Environments – a Chinese View
The characteristics of indoor air pollution are reviewed. Three sources of indoor air pollution are of great importance for the health of people...